test2

• First Great Debate - 1930s and 1940s
• First Great Debate - Opposition of realism and idealism
• First Great Debate - approach towards Hitler’s Germany
• First Great Debate

  Dispute over the nature of international relations
• First Great Debate

  Debate on the problems that should be researched by international studies
• Niccolo Machiavelli - forerunner of realism
• Realism - description of the existing reality
• Immanuel Kant - forerunner of idealism
• Idealism - vision of the future
• Immanuel Kant - republicanism, federation of free states.
• Machiavelli - hints how to remain in power
• Kant - hints how to attain perpetual peace
• Idealism - Woodrow Wilson, the League of Nations
• Idealism - possibility of introducing the principles of peaceful coexistence to the anarchic structure of international system
• Criticism of Idealism - Eduard Carr
• Criticism of Idealism - harmony of interests as a utopia
• Criticism of Idealism

  Darwinism in politics, the fittest will survive

  Universal good as a camouflaged national interest
• Classical Realism - Hans Morgenthau
• Six Principles of Morgentha

  Objective Laws

  National Interest explained as National Strength

  Interest is always Dynamic

  Moral Principles Don’t Apply to State Actions

  Difference between the Moral Aspirations of a Nation and the Universal Moral Principles

  Autonomy of the Political Sphere
• Politics is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature
• Interest is defined in terms of power
• Idealism - ambition to change the international reality
• Realism - description of the existing international reality
• Second Great Debate - 1960s
• Traditionalism: historical approach, failure to analyze the world’s complexity with statistical methods
• Behavioralism: ability to discover with the help of the mind the laws governing social phenomena, search of regularity and causal dependencies, ambition of forecasting
• Neoliberalism - Joseph Nye
• Neoliberalism

  Increasing interdependence

  Blurring of borders between foreign and domestic policies

  Significance of multilateral diplomacy, international institutions
• Soft power - leadership perceived by others as legitimate
• Neorealism - Kenneth Waltz
• Neorealism

  Theory needs simplification
• Neorealism


  Structure of the system and distribution of power in the structure determinate behavior of states
• Neorealism

  Weak effects of interdependence, limited role of international institutions
• Neoliberalism - absolute gains (difference doesn't matter)
• Neoliberalism - increasing interdependence
• Neorealism - relative gains (the difference is matter)
• Possibility to interpret the same events in different ways depending on theoretical approach