Founder's Response

• A school of mercantile accounting and modern languages patterned after the Commercial School of Barcelona was inaugurated on July 15, 1840.  It offered accounting, mercantile correspondence, mathematics, French, English and other subjects. This is offered by premiere schools in Manila.
• In 1863, a Royal Decree was issued for a standard primary educational system.
• In 1865, Queen Isabella II appointed the rector of University of Santo Tomas (UST) as the supervisor of all secondary and higher education in the Philippines.
• University of Santo Tomas (UST)

  • Held the entrance and final examinations of all those who wish to enter secondary and higher education and those who finished their courses.
  • Issued the diplomas of the graduates regardless of where they took their courses.
• Chinese mestizo rose to prominence between 1741 and 1898, primarily as a landholder and a middleman wholesaler of local produce and foreign imports, although there were also mestizos in the professions.
• Chinese immigration to the Philippines resulted in diversion of mestizo energies away from commerce, so that the mestizos lost their chance to become a native middle class, a position then taken over by the Chinese.
• The Chinese needed to be baptized in order to stay in the islands and do business.
• Spanish officials and friars stood as godparents
• Spanish surnames were adopted.
• Spanish Surnames

  • Some retained their father’s surname while others used their mother’s maiden surname.
• [Jhocson Origin] Hoc-Sung from Amoy, China was the progenitor of the Jocson clan in the Philippines.
• [Jhocson Origin] Mariano Fortunato Jhocson’s lineage has been traced back four generations to Tomas Jocson, likely born in the late 18th century.
• [Jhocson Origin] Family Tree

  A) 1

  B) 2

  C) born in what century

  D) 3

  E) 4

  F) married on

  G) 5

  H) 6

  I) 7

  J) 8

  K) married on

  L) 9

  
• [Jhocson Origin] Crispulo Jhocson

  • Born in Manila on June 9, 1850, and became a sculptor and wood carver of note.
  • credited with the image of La Inmaculada Concepcion (The Immaculate Conception) and with carving the pulpit together with Manuel Flores.
• [Jhocson Origin] Crispulo Jhocson

  • He was awarded an honorable mention by the Ministerio de Ultramar (ministry of the colonies) for his entries in the Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas (General Exposition of the Philippine Islands) in Madrid in October 1887 and by the Jurado Internacional de Premios (International Jury of Prizes) in the Exposicion Universal de Barcelona (Universal Exposition of Barcelona) on December 9, 1888.
  • Married Marcela Alegrado on February 9, 1875.  Their third child, Mariano Fortunato, was born on October 14, 1877, in Sta. Cruz, Manila.
• [Wood Carving of Crisupulo Jhocson] The original seal of NU was given by Crispulo to Mariano in 1903 in appreciation for the establishment of Colegio Filipino. 
• [Wood Carving of Crisupulo Jhocson]

  A) 1

  B) 2

  C) 3

  D) 4

  E) 5

  
• Mariano Fortunato Jhocson

  • Atoy, as he was fondly called in the family.
  • He learned by example the value of honest work from Crispulo.
  • He was able to study at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in Intramuros despite his father’s modest means in exchange for his work for the Jesuits.
• Mariano Fortunato Jhocson

  • As a young student at the Ateneo, Mariano already displayed his practical nature and spirit of entrepreneurship.  He sold toys like the yoyo carved in his father’s shop to earn him money to buy school books and paper.
  • Later on, he had himself tutored in advanced accounting by a Frenchman named O’Ferrel who became so impressed with his student that he secured for Mariano a position as tenedor de libros (librarian) at the Bazar Filipino, which he held until the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896.  
• Mariano Fortunato Jhocson

  • By this time, he was just short of nineteen years of age and had a physique that made him stand out naturally in any crowd, being almost six feet tall and of bulky build.
  • He received his degree of Bachiller en Artes (today's high school) and a certificate as Perito Mercantil (Expert in Business, equivalent to today's business administration courses) in 1897 with a grade of Aprobado (passed).
• Mariano Fortunato Jhocson

  • During the Revolution, he became a schoolteacher in Mariquina.  Although he did not join the armed struggle, other Jocson relatives did, most prominently his cousin.
  • Given the revolutionary activities of his relatives, Mariano and his siblings felt the need to change their name’s spelling to Jhocson to avoid harassment from the authorities.  His siblings eventually reverted to the original Jocson but Mariano decided to keep the "Jhocson" spelling.
• Mariano Jhocson's Academic Record in Ateneo

  
  

  Notable (VG) Subjects

  1. Elements of Geography
  2. English

  
  

  Bueno (Good) Subjects:

  1. Arithmetic & Algebra

  
  

  Mediano (Fair) Subjects

  1. French
  2. Business Math
  3. Notions of Geography and Business Statistics
  4. Political Economics
  5. Bookkeeping
  6. Business Correspondence & Operations
  7. Mercantile/Business Law
• Feliciano Jocson

  • Chinese mestizo pharmacist
  • Cousin of Mariano Jhocson
  • A katipunero
  • Became Secretary of Welfare of the Departmental Government of Central Luzon under former-President Emilio Aguinaldo’s revolutionary government. 
  • He changed his name’s spelling to Hokson in nationalistic fervor
• Fortunato Jocson

  • Another cousin of Mariano Jhocson who joined the guerillas during the filipino-american war
• first wife of Mariano- full name

  Consuelo Luciano
• where is Consuelo Luciano from?

  Cavite
• What year did Mariano and Consuelo Luciano married e/o?

  1901
• names of the children of Mariano & Consuelo

  1. Domingo
  2. Ramon
• what year did Consuelo die?

  1908
• second wife of Mariano

  Miguela Martin
• children of Mariano & Miguela

  1. Florencia
  2. Recaredo 
  3. Remedios 
  4. Leticia
  5. Teodoro
  6. Jesus
  7. Mariano
  8. Pacita
• when did Mariano die?

  March 17, 1928
• what age did Mariano die?

  50 years old, @ the pinnacle of his success as an educator & enterpreneur
• what did Mariano enjoined his wife, Miguela, and his eldest Domingo?

  the task to educating young men & women of his country
• Rafael Palma

  • then-president of UP
  • friend of Mariano from the Colegio Mercantil days
  • described Mariano as "an untiring worker who always had plans for the expansion of NU, as a bold but prudent man whose moves were calculated and goals well-defined; a man with a firm and energetic disposition and a generous and appealing personality"
• why did Mariano choose the field of education?


  because that was where

  • he could serve the greatest number
  • spread the greatest good
  • convinced that education was the means for the people to realize their aspirations
• Dona Miguela Martin Vda de Jhocson

  • Took over as NU’s comptroller after Mariano’s death.
  • She inculcated in her children the values of respect for authority and deep religious faith.
  • Closed NU during the Japanese Occupation and reopened the school after the liberation in 1945.
  • She assigned her children to serve in various capacities in the NU administration.
• NU's golden jubilee was on 1950
• NU was one of the first schools to open after the war: True or False

  True
• Florencia Jhocson-Javier

  • has a Bachelor of Science in Education
  • She married Major Melchor M. Javier of the Philippine Medical Corps.
  • She taught Spanish subjects and helped manage the NU Girls’ Dormitory, and later became Treasurer.