PMTP - Lesson 3

• Ethics - the moral code that guides how an individual should behave.
• Logical - problems with reasoning.
• Epistemological - problems of the truth.
• Cosmological - problems of the universe.
• Ethical - problems of morality.
• Aesthetical - problems of art and beauty.
• Scientific problems - problems of science.
• Morality - fundamental convictions of human agent.
• Ethical relativism - also known as "moral relativism" is a school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture.
• Pragmatism - coined by Charles Sanders Piece and developed by William James; It is based on the success of their practical application.
• Utilitarianism - by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill; states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences.
• Abortion is considered illegal under the Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
• Euthanasia - the practice of ending a life intentionally, usually in situations when the individual is terminally ill, to relive him or her of pain and suffering.
• Voluntary euthanasia - is when an individual gives consent to subject himself or herself to a painless death.
• Non-voluntary euthanasia - conducted when the permission of the patient to perform the procedure is unavailable.
• Involuntary euthanasia - is when the individual does not give his or her consent.
• Genetic engineering - involves genetic manipulations that are perceived to be against moral standards set by the society.
• Genetic screening - a procedure whose main purpose is to screen, choose, and select the genes for proper detection of any genetic disease. It is usually done for the early diagnosis of diseases.
• Genetic interventions - techniques such as genetic control, therapy, and surgery.
• Stem-cell therapy - makes use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) - popularly known as laboratory fertilization.
• Professional ethics - covers the morally accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace.
• Donal Harrington - morality can be viewed in different perspectives—as a law, as an inner conviction, as love, as personal growth, and as social transformation.
• Ethics:

  • the nature of the good
  • the nature of human person
  • criteria of judgement
• Morality:

  • fundamental convictions of human agent
  • character of moral agent
  • use of norms
  • situational analysis
• Pragmatism - more of a theory on knowledge, truth, and meaning rather than morality.
• Pragmatism can be applied in terms of decision making and moral reasoning.