UK's economic shift

• There are four categories of jobs; primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary.
• Primary industry:

  • Gathering raw materials.
  • In 1800, about 75% of UK workers were employed in this industry sector. By 2006, it was 2%.
  • Examples are; farming, mining & fishing.
  • On average pays the least worldwide.
• Secondary industry:

  • Manufacturing into products for sale.
  • In 1900, about 55% of UK workers were employed in this industry sector. By 2006, it was 15%.
  • Examples are; car factories, toy factories & clothes factories.
  • On average pays more than primary but less than tertiary.
• Tertiary industry:

  • Providing a service.
  • In 1800, about 10% of UK workers were employed in this industry sector. By 2006, it was 74%.
  • Examples are; shop assistant, teacher & business consultant.
  • On average pays more than secondary but less than quaternary.
• Quaternary industry:

  • A specialist part of the service sector which involves scientific research & development, & specialist ICT or business services.
  • In 1900, about 0% of UK workers were employed in this industry sector. By 2006, it was 9%.
  • Examples are; rocket scientist & software development.
  • On average pays the most worldwide.
• The UK has the most of the tertiary sector in 2023.
• A cause of de-industrialisation is globalisation.
• The 4 largest growth industries in the UK today are:

  • Information technology
  • Finance
  • Services
  • Research
• Advantages to edge of town locations for businesses:

  • Good transport links
  • Employees are local
  • Cheaper land
  • Easy to get to
  • Space to expand
• People are choosing to go live in the countryside as it can be cheaper in some cases, (counterurbanisation). Cities tend to be dirty, busy, etc.
• Advantages of HS2:

  • Reducing journey times.
  • Reduce the demands for domestic flights.
  • Cut the number of cars/lorries on motorways.
• Disadvantages of HS2:

  • Increase carbon emissions.
  • Damage areas of natural beauty.
  • Cost atleast 98 billion.
• Advantages of Crossrail:

  • Improve journey times across London.
  • 200 million passengers expected to use it.
  • Bring an additional 1.5 million people.
• Disadvantages of Crossrail:

  • Cost about 16.8 billion.
• The UK's goverment has spent 14 billion on improving roads.