PURCOM

• effective communication is a key interpersonal skill and by learning how you can improve your communication has many benefits. It sounds so simple: say what you mean.
• verbal communication - the use of language, sounds, and tone of voice.
• non-verbal communication -body language and facial expressions
• written communication- journals, emails, blogs, and text messages
• visual communication - involves signs, symbols, pictures, graphics, and emojis
• audience analysis - Knowing the audience, understanding their level and how theyneed to receive the information – also known as skills.
• communication barriers -These are not confined to physical noise (cars passingby, someone pounding on the table) and physiological issues (an upset stomach), but could alsoinclude cultural difference, varying levels of expectations and experiences, and difference inperspectives and communication styles.
• Clarity - This pertains to both the message and the purpose why the message has to be sent.
• Conciseness - The message should be as brief as may be required depending on one’s purpose
• Completeness -Despite its conciseness, the message should still be complete and accurate
• Organization - Effective communication is usually planned in order to ensure the systematic flow of ideas and transition from one point to another
• Empathy - The sender of the message should be sensitive to the needs and interests of the receiver
• Flexibility - Different people have different communication styles, and consequently, different expectations.
• worldwide integration of humanity - where there is an increased economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures
• diverse, global community - This is not confined to communication with people from other countries, but is inclusive of communication within our own societies, even with the minorities and the indigenous peoples
• diversity - since effective communication and the ability to understand cultural differences are skills that have become requisites not only for a meaningful social life but also for a successful professional career.
• digital technology - has erased territorial boundaries among countries and among people with varying cultures
• multiculturalists – those who are engaged with and respectful of people with different cultures
• Spirited = High Expressiveness + High Assertiveness
• Considerate = High Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness
• Direct= Low Expressiveness + High Assertiveness
• Systematic = Low Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness
• Language Varieties - “lects”, these refer to the different variants of a language that can be sufficiently delimited from one another in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial factors, thus forming language clusters.
• Pidgin - It refers to a new language that develops into situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language.
• Creole - It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children, or the mother tongue of a certain community.
• Regional Dialect - It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country
• Minority Dialect - This is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group.
• Indigenized Varieties -These are spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with multilingual populations.
• language register - characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently indifferent social circumstances.
• Formal - These registers are used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules.
• Casual - These registers are used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances, colleagues, and family members.
• Intimate - Intimate language registers are reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private.
• Frozen - it refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged.
• Consultative - It is used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or is offering advice.
• multimodality - uses two or more communication modes to make meaning.
• semiotic resources - (language, gestures, images)
• various modalities - (visual, aural, somatic, etc.)
• Paper - (books, comics, posters, brochures)
• Digital - (slide presentations, blogs, web pages, social media, animation, film, videogames)
• Live - (performance or an event)