CONST. MAT

• Material Testing is the measurement of the characteristics and behavior of materials such as metals, concrete, ceramics or plastics under various conditions. The data this obtain can be used in specifying the suitability of materials for various applications. (e.g. building or aircraft construction, machinery and packaging etc.)
• Material Testing is the examination of material properties with respect to design and use of end product
• CATEGORIES OF MATERIAL TESTING

  Mechanical Testing

  Testing for thermal properties

  Testing for electrical properties

  Testing for resistance to corrosion, radiation, and biological deteriotation

  Non-destructive testing
• CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS - an item, material or supply consumed or used in a construction project and incorporated in the constructed building or structure.
• TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

  Aggregates

  Steel Reinforcement

  Cement

  Concrete

  Bitumen
• Aggregate is a broad category of coarse- particulate to medium-grained material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, concrete and recycled geosynthetic aggregates.
• Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world.
• Steel reinforcement are steel bars that are provided in combination with plain cement concrete to make it reinforced concrete.
• Cement is a finely milled mineral powder, usually grey in colour. Mixed with water, cement serves as an adhesive to bind sand, gravel, and hard rock in concrete.
• Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time.
• Bitumen is a black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing.
• TESTS CARRIED OUT:

  Sieve Analysis

  Water Absorption

  Aggregate Impact Value

  Aggregate Abrasion Value

  Aggregate Crushing Value

  AGGREGATES
• TESTS CARRIED OUT IN AGGREGATES

  Sieve Analysis

  Water Absorption

  Aggregate Impact Value

  Aggregate Abrasion Value

  Aggregate Crushing Value

• TESTS CARRIED OUT:

  Determining bitumen content

  Determining flash and fire point of bitumen

  Determining penetration of bitumen

  Determining softening point of bitumen

  Determining specific gravity of bitumen

  Determining ductility of bitumen

  Determining marshal stability of bitumen

  BITUMEN
• TESTS CARRIED OUT IN BITUMEN

  Determining bitumen content

  Determining flash and fire point of bitumen

  Determining penetration of bitumen

  Determining softening point of bitumen

  Determining specific gravity of bitumen

  Determining ductility of bitumen

  Determining marshal stability of bitumen
• TESTS CARRIED OUT:

  Fineness Test

  Soundness Test

  Consistency Test

  Setting Time Test

  CEMENT
• TESTS CARRIED OUT IN CEMENT

  Fineness Test

  Soundness Test

  Consistency Test

  Setting Time Test
• 2 TYPES OF TEST MADE IN CONCRETE

  Test of Fresh Concrete

  Test of Hardened Concrete
• TEST OF FRESH CONCRETE

  Slump Test

  Compacting Factor Test

  VeBe Test

  K-Slump Test
• In what type of concrete does this test do?

  Slump Test

  Compacting Factor Test

  VeBe Test

  K-Slump Test

  Fresh Concrete
• TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE

  Compression Strength Test

  Flexural Strength Test

  Rebound Hammer Test

  Ultrasonic Pulse velocity Test
• In what type of concrete does this test do?

  Compression Strength Test

  Flexural Strength Test

  Rebound Hammer Test

  Ultrasonic Pulse velocity Test

  HARDENED CONCRETE
• STANDARD-SETTING AGENCIES

  ASTM

  AASHTO
• ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) is a private organization that establishes specifications for materials and methods of construction accepted as standards throughout the United States.
• The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States.
• IMPORTANCE OF STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

  • To know the sources of construction materials

  • Identify & know the properties of various construction materials

  • To know how the materials are tested as per ASTM standards

  • To know how to choose from commercially available construction materials depending on particular use

  • To know common material defects

  • To know various precautions to be taken when constructing for better durability
• Laboratory Ovens - specially designed for drying, baking, conditioning and moisture determination.
• Muffle Furnaces - designed for higher temperature heating.
• Moisture Tester - for accurate moisture reading on site of soil, sand, aggregates.
• Chapman Flask - use for field determination of the amount of surface moisture in fine aggregate.
• Sieves - device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size distributions of sample.
• Sieve Shaker Motor - operated for sieves when perform sieving tests.
• Sample Splitters - designed the reduction of test samples which are – for too large in volume to be conveniently handled.
• Sample Splitters - It divides samples so that half is representative of the original whole sample
• Tribometer Abrasion Tester - used to determine the resistance to abrasion and wear of cement, concrete and similar materials.
• Rock Classification Hammer - is used for rock classification tests.
• Los-Angeles Abrasion Machine - used to determine the resistance of aggregates by – abrasion.
• Volumeter - used to determine the resistance to abrasion and wear of cement, concrete and similar material
• Micro-Deval Testing Machine - used to determine the quality of aggregates by abrasion.
• Jar Mill - designed to reduce to powder any sort of granulometric material (clinker, cement, stones, hard materials) for general purpose laboratory tests.