Pregestational Conditions (OB)

• RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE - damage to the heart that remains after an ARF episode has resolved
• RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE - Valve damage
• RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE - It is caused by an episode or recurrent episodes of ARF. Heart has become inflamed
• ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER - An illness caused by a reaction to a bacterial infection with group A streptococcus
• ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER - It causes an acute, generalized inflammatory response. An illness that targets specific parts of the body (heart, joints, brain and skin)
• ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER - leaves no lasting damage to the brain, joints or skin BUT can cause persisting heart damage---‘rheumatic heart disease’ (RHD)
• Dyspnea. Most dangerous time (28 to 32 weeks). Cardiac output falls (vital organs even the placenta is no longer perfused adequately)
• Preventing recurrences of ARF, prophylactic treatment with penicillin
• DIABETES MELLITUS - An endocrine disorder in which the pancreas cannot produce adequate insulin to regulate body glucose levels. Affects 3-5% of all pregnancies
• DIABETES MELLITUS - Most frequently seen medical conditions in pregnancy
• Type 1 - Insulin - dependent DM
• Type 2 - Non-insulin- dependent DM
• GESTATIONAL DM - Abnormal glucose metabolism that arises during pregnancy. Symptoms fade again at the completion of pregnancy
• IMPAIRED GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS - A state between “normal” and “diabetes”. Body is no longer using and/or secreting insulin properlY
• Develops insulin resistance due to the presence of human placental lactogen.
• Placental insulinase - cause increased breakdown of insulin. Helpful (prevents blood glucose from falling to dangerous limits)
• Polyuria - excessive urination
• Polydipsia - excessive thirst
• Polyphagia - excessive or extreme hunger
• Macrosomic - Large for gestational age
• caudal regression syndrome - failure of the lower extremities to develop
• MARIJUANA - Contains toxins that keep your baby from getting the proper supply of oxygen. Increases the levels of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the blood
• The elimination of cocaine is slower in a fetus than in an adult.
• Mothers who inject narcotics are more susceptible to HIV
• PCP & LSD - They are hallucinogens. Users can behave violently
• METHAMPHETAMINE - causes the heart rate of the mother and baby to increase
• ALCOHOL - can permanently damage baby's cells. Can damage baby's nervous system
• HIV - a virus that weakens the body's immune system
• AIDS - a disease that hurts the body's ability to fight infection and certain cancers
• Hemolytic anemia - This is the cause when antibodies of an Rh sensitized woman crosses the placenta and will attack the blood of an Rh (+) fetus. It destroy fetal RBC
• Rh Immunoglobulin - Preventive measure should be given to the Rh (-) mother before second pregnancy to prevent Rh disease
• Rh Immunoglobulin - Prevents production of Rh antibodies. Not helpful to mothers who are already sensitized
• Microcytic - small RBC
• Hypochromic - less hgb RBC
• pica - craving and eating of substances
• PREVENTION Iron supplemental vitamins of 60 mg elemental iron
• DIAGNOSED 120 to 200 mg elemental iron/day
• hydantoin - anticonvulsant agent that interferes with folate absorption
• MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA - enlarged RBC. Elevated mean corpuscular volume
• PREVENTION: women expecting to be pregnant . Supplements of 400 microgram folic acid daily