oral com 1

• Communication is defined as the process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures. 
• Effective communication involves a sender, a message, a medium, and a receiver.
• The medium refers to the channel used to send the message.
• Communication is the process by which information, ideas or feelings are transmitted from one person to another.
• Feedback ensures meaning, contextual information, and shared understanding.
• Verbal Communication - The use of words spoken aloud
• The sender is the source of the message.
• The receiver is the intended recipient of the message.
• Non-verbal Communication - Any form of communication that does not involve speech
• The sender is responsible for encoding the message into symbols that can be understood by others.
• Encoding is the act of converting thoughts into words or symbols that can be communicated through language.
• The message refers to the content being communicated, including its meaning and purpose.
• Verbal Communication is the use of words spoken aloud by an individual to convey meaning to others.
• The medium is the channel through which the message is transmitted, such as verbal or nonverbal communication.
• Nonverbal Communication includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, eye contact, touch, dress, and other non-spoken cues that communicate meaning.
• Noise can be external (distractions) or internal (personal thoughts).
• Decoding occurs when the receiver interprets the encoded message based on their own experiences and knowledge.
• G.G. Brown (n.d.) defines communication as the transfer of information from one person to another, but the information transferred must be understandable to the receiver.
• Communication is systematic because it follows structured patterns and rules that govern the exchange of information between individuals or entities.
• Communication is considered symbolic because it involves the use of symbols to convey meaning. Symbols are elements that represent or stand for something else, and they can take various forms, including words, gestures, images, sounds, and even objects.
• meaning is central to communication because it underpins the exchange of information, facilitates shared understanding, and enables individuals to connect, relate, and interact effectively with one another.
• • Message refers to the information that the sender is relaying to the receiver
• • Encoding is converting an idea into words, actions, or other forms the speaker understands.
• Channel refers to the transmission or method of delivering the message. It can also be described as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed
• • Decoding is the interpretation of the message by the receiver.
• • Receiver/Decoder/Listener/Audience is the person who is getting or receiving the message.
• Feedback serves as the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender
• Barriers are the factors that affect the flow of communication. Some examples of this are emotional barriers, the use of jargon, lack of self-confidence, and a noisy environment
• Verbal Communication refers to an interaction in which words are used to relay a message. 
• Appropriateness- The language that you use should be appropriate to the environment or the occasion.
• Brevity- Use simple yet precise and powerful words. Be more direct with your words. Avoid fillers (“uh,” “you know”) and insubstantial expressions.
• Clarity- Clearly state your message and express your ideas and feelings. 
• Ethics- Choose your words carefully in consideration of gender, roles, ethnicity, preferences, and status.
• Vividness- Find ways to charm your audience with vivid words. 
• Nonverbal communication is interaction in which actions serve to convey and express meaning. All kinds of human reactions that are not expressed in words are nonverbal.
• Nonverbal communication provides clues to detecting attitudes, traits, and deception. Symbols provide meaning when a particular society has agreed on what they will look like and what they will represent.

   
• Nonverbal communication provides clues to detecting attitudes, traits, and deception.
• Symbols provide meaning when a particular society has agreed on what they will look like and what they will represent.
• Facial Expressions

  Your facial expressions can increase, decrease, or hide the emotions you are feeling. Curling the lips in a smile or frowning in frustration are considered universal forms of nonverbal communication. These facial expressions are recognized similarly in many different cultures.
• Gestures

  Each gesture helps you effectively share your emotions and emphasize your spoken language. For example, a big hand or arm movement is more emphatic, but a small gesture, such as two fingers pointing up to show the number 2, can be more specific. Another example of gestures is head movements. Nod or shake your head to indicate yes or no without saying a word.