MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

• GROWING CELLS THAT CAUSED DISEASE.

  GERMS
• ALSO CALLED MICROORGANISMS ARE MINUTE LIVING THINGS, TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITH UNAIDED EYE.

  MICROBES
• TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF MICROBES

  > ACELLULAR

  > CELLULAR
• ALSO CALLED INFECTIOUS PARTICLES

  ACELLULAR MICROBES
• ALSO CALLED MICROORGANISMS

  CELLULAR
• INCLUDE VIRUSES AND PRIONS

  ACELLULAR MICROBES
• INCLUDE ALL BACTERIA, ALL ARCHEA, ALL PROTOZOA, SOME ALGAE, AND SOME FUNGI

  CELLULAR MICROBES
• STUDY OF MICROBES

  MICROBIOLOGY
• MICROBES ARE SAID TO BE ____ , MEANING THEY ARE VIRTUALLY EVERYWHERE.

  UBIQUITOUS
• MOST SCIENTISTS DO NOT CONSIDER VIRUSES TO BE LIVING ORGANISMS, THEY ARE OFTEN REFFERD TO AS '____' OR ' ___'

  RATHER THAN MICROORGANISMS

  ACELLULAR MICROBES OR INFECTIOUS PARTICLES
• DISEASE - CAUSING MICROORGANISMS ARE TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS ____?

  PATHOGENS
• MICROBES THAT DO NOT CAUSE DISEASE ARE CALLED ___?

  NONPATHOGENS
• MICROBES - ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS

  PRIONS AND VIRUSES
• MICROBES - CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

  • PROKARYOTES

  ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA
• MICROBES - CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

  • EUKARYOTES

  ALGAE, FUNGI AND PROTOZOA
• MICROBES THAT IS BENEFICIAL TO US, WHEREAS OTHERS HAVE NO EFFECT ON US AT ALL.

  NONPATHOGENS
• THE MICROBES THAT HELPS US

  MICROBIAL ALLIES
• THE MICROBES THAT HARM US

  MICROBIAL ENEMIES
• THE MICROBES THAT LIVE ON AND IN THE HUMAN BODY ARE REFERRED TO AS OUR ___

  INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA
• GROUP OF MICROBES:

  BACTERIA

  FUNGI

  PROTOZOA

  VIRUSES
• EXAMPLES OF DISEASE THEY CAUSE.

  • ALGAE

  A VERY RARE CAUSE OF INFECTIONS, BUT THEY CAN CAUSE INTOXICATIONS ( WHICH RESULT FROM INGESTIONS OF TOXINS )
• EXAMPLES OF DISEASE THEY CAUSE

  • BACTERIA

  DIARRHEA

  EAR AND EYE INFECTION

  FOOD POISONING

  GAS GANGRENE

  PNEUMONIA

  LEPROSY

  LYME DISEASE

  TUBERCULOSIS

  SPOTTED FEVER

  STAPH INFECTION

  URINARY TRACT INFECTION

  WHOOPING COUGH

  TETANUS

  TULAREMIA
• EXAMPLES OF DISEASE THEY CAUSE

  • FUNGI

  ALLERGIES

  HISTOPLASMOSIS

  MENINGITIS

  PNEUMONIA

  THRUSH

  TINEA ( WRING WORM )

  YEAST VAGINITIS
• EXAMPLES OF DISEASE THEY CAUSE

  • PROTOZOA

  AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS

  BABESIOSIS

  CHAGAS DISEASE

  DIARRHEA

  MALARIA

  PNEUMONIA
• EXAMPLE OF DISEASE THEY CAUSE

  • VIRUSES

  AIDS

  BIRDFLU

  CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER

  CHICKEN POX

  COLD SORES

  COMMON COLD

  DENGUE

  DIARRHEA

  GENITAL HERPES INFECTIONS

  HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME ( HPS )

  POLIO

  RABIES

  SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME ( SARS )

  SHINGLES

  SMALLPOX

  SWINE FLU

  YELLOW FEVER
• USES OF MICROBES:

  • SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, VITAMINS, ENZYMES, ALCOHOLS, AND MANY DRUGS.

  COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
• USES OF MICROBES:

  • PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR, PICKLES, SOY SAUCE, CHEESE, YOGURT, BREAD, AND ALCOHOL BEVERAGES

  FOOD INDUSTRY
• MICROBES IN OUR LIVES:

  • PRODUCING VACCINES, ANTIBIOTICS, AND VITAMINS

  HEALTH INDUSTRY
• 500 TO 1000 DIFFERENT SPECIES OF MICROBES LIVE ON AND IN US. COLLECTIVELY, THESE MICROBES ARE KNOWN AS OUR ___

  INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA ( OR HUMAN MICROBIOME OR HUMAN BIONEME )
• SOME OF THE MICROBES THAT COLONIZED ( INHABIT ) OUR BODY KNOWN AS ___

  OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS ( OR OPPORTUNISTS )
• LIVE STABLY IN AND ON THE HUMAN BODY. ALSO CALLED MICROBIOTA.

  MICROBIOME
• THE POPULATIONOF MICROORGANISMS THAT INHABIT THE SKIN AND MOCOUS MEMBRANES OF HEALTHY NORMAL PERSONS

  NORMAL MICROBIOTA
• REFERS TO MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE ONLY TEMPORARILY FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY, AND THESE MAY INCLUDE PATHOGENENIC MICROORGANISMS

  TRANSIENT MICROBIOTA
• THE GROWTH OF PATHOGENS IN THOSE AREAS OF THE BODY WHERE THEY LIVE BY OCCUPYING SPACE, DEPLETING THE FOOD SUPPLY, AND SECRETING MATERIALS ( WASTE PRODUCTS, TOXINS, ANTIBIOTICS, AND ETC ) THAT MAY PREVENT OR REDUCE THE GROWTH OF PATHOGENS.

  INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA
• LIVES IN OUR INTESTINAL TRACTS. THIS ORGANISMS DOES NOT CAUSE ANY HARM AS LONG AS IT REMAINS IN OUR INTESTINAL TRACT, BUT CAN CAUSE DISEASE IF IT GAINS ACCESS TO OUR URINARY BLADDER, BLOODSTREAM, OR A WOUND.

  BACTERIUM OR CALLED ESCHERICHIA COLI ( E. COLI )
• MICROBES ARE ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE ON THIS PLANET AS WE KNOW IT. BECAUSE SOME MICROBES PRODUCE ____

  OXYGEN
• PATHOGENS DO NOT CAUSE DISEASE UNDER ORDINARY CONDITIONS, BUT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE DISEASE SHOULD THE OPPORTUNITY PRESENT ITSELF.

  OPPORTUNISTICS
• THE SYSTEM OF NAMING ORGANISMS

  NOMENCLATURE
• SINCE ARISTOTLE'S TIME, SCIENTISTS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO NAME AND CLASSIFY LIVING ORGANISMS IN A MEANINGFUL WAY, BASED ON THEIR APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOR. THUS, THE SCIENCE OF TAXONOMY WAS ESTABLISHED, BASED ON THE BINOMIAL OF ____ , DEVELOPED IN THE 18TH CENTURY BY THE SWEDISH SCIENTIST CAROLUS LINNAEUS.

  NOMENCLATURE
• NOMENCLATURE ASSIGNS EACH ORGANISM TWO NAMES

  ( BINOMIAL ) :

  • THE SECOND NAME ON LOWER CASE. ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED. >TOGETHER, THE FIRST AND SECOND NAMES ( E.G, ESCHERICHIA COLI ) ARE REFERRED TO AS A ___

  SPECIES