test4

• Critical Theories: epistemological questions; ontological questions; normative questions
• Epistemological questions: hidden interests of the theories of IR
• Cox: ‘Theory is always for someone and for some purpose’
• Ontological questions: analysis of the evolution of factors and structures of IR in relation with the forms of domination an exclusion
• Normative questions: problem of emancipation, broad definition of security
• Marxism - Radicalism
• Marxism - Karl Marx
• Marxism

  Alternative, radical vision of international relations

  World history as history of struggle of classes

  Utopian vision of dictatorship of the proletariat
• Marxism bankrupt after collapse of USSR
• Neo-Marxism - sensitivity to global social inequalities
• Neo-Marxism

  Division of states

  Interest in postcolonialism

  Critism of transnational corporations
• Third Great Debate - 1980s
• Positivism: ability to gain scientific knowledge based on description of the observed phenomena
• Post-positivism: denying possibility of an objective analysis of international reality
• Postmodernism: misrepresentation of knowledge by force
• Deconstruction - something opposite but connected (parasite like)
• Postmodernism


  Subjective character of such terms as sovereignty, anarchy, borders, identity

  Struggle between opposite ‘regimes of truth’
• "Regimes of truth" refers to the dominant frameworks, discourses, and narratives that shape our understanding of global politics, state behavior, and international affairs.
• Feminism - divergent school
• Divergent schools offer different perspectives on the nature of global politics, the behavior of states, and the dynamics of international relations.
• Feminism - emphasis on sameness of women and men or differences in perception of the world by genders
• Feminism - genetic and social differences between genders
• Feminist perspectives emphasize that national interests should include the security and empowerment of all citizens, especially groups such as women, children, and minorities
• J.A. Tickner: Linking women with pacifism as a stereotype to keep women away from power
• Feminism


  Moral dimension of IR

  Sensitivity to social problems: poverty, income gap, slavery, refugees, prostitution
• Feminism - wrong vision of international reality caused by domination of men among theorists
• Environmentalism: attempt at solving ecological problems within the framework of the existing political, economic, social, normative structures
• Ecologism: perceiving these structures as the source of the crisis, criticism of the Earth Summit
• Ecologism - abandonement of anthropocentrism
• Anthropocentrism refers to a worldview that places humans at the center of analysis and prioritizes human interests, concerns, and perspectives over those of other beings or the environment.
• Ecocentrism: holistic perspective, caring about the interests of future generations
• Ecologism

  Limits of development

  Change the system

  Contradicting proposals: global ecological government or global network of small independent communities
• War in Iraq - Liberalism - Saddam Hussein as an evil dictator supporting terrorism
• War in Iraq - Neorealism - Threat to US security posed by Iraq’s weapon of mass destruction
• War in Iraq - Neorealism


  USA- intention to stabilize provision of oil

  Asymmetry of the potentials of the US and Iraq

  Secondary role of the UN
• Pan Arabism is a political movement and belief system that promotes the idea that all Arabs should unite to form one country or state.
• War in Iraq - Constructivism


  Conflict of the ideals of pan-Arabism and sovereignty of independent state

  Conflict between civilisations of the West and Islam
• War in Iraq - Radicalism


  Interests of oil companies

  American neocolonialism

  Exploitation of natural resources of the countries of world peripheries by core countries of the world-system
• War in Iraq - Postmodernism


  Role of language and media discourse in creating atmosphere of threat from Saddam Hussein