PR1

• it is to discover again 


  What is research?
• SEARCH - to look into an entity for a discovery

  RE- again; back
• “Research follows a step-by-step process of investigation“ 


  polit & beck, 2004
• “Research’s main purpose is to answer a question or to solve an issue“ 


  Palispis, 2004
• “Research is a continuous undertaking of making known of the unknown”
• S - specific

  M - measurable

  A - attainable

  R - realistic

  T - time-bound


  Research is supposed to be SMART
• • to produce evidence-based practice
  • to establish credibility in the profession
  • to observe accountability for the profession
  • to promote cost-effectiveness through documentation 


  Goals for conducting a research
• • as principal investigator
  • as a member of a research team
  • as identifier of researchable problems
  • as evaluator of research findings
  • as subject/ respondent/ participant 


  Roles as a researcher
• • provide a scientific basis
  • for the continuous development
  • helps develop tools
  • provides solution to problems
  • impacts decision-making
  • evaluates alternative approaches
  • for personal and professional qualifications 


  Why do we need to conduct a research study
• Quantitative research focuses on collecting numerical data using statistical analysis techniques, while qualitative research relies more on non-numerical data like interviews, observations, and case studies.
• An outline; the backbone to make an effective output 


  Research paradigm
• The basics; Chapter 1 (introduction) & chapter 2 (rrl)


  Research foundation
• Chapter 4 (main idea) chapter 5(analysis - interpretation) chapter 6 (conclusion )


  Research methodology
• Scientific research is a research metho that seeks to explain naturally occuring credible theories (scientific - quantitative -> IP)


  General forms of research
• Research in humanities seeks to define the purpose of human existence by tapping into historical facts and future possibilities (humannitie- qulitative-interview)

  General forms of research
• Artistic research provides alternative approaches to substitute for fundamental and theoretical ones, innovation (artistic research - impact project)


  General forms of research
• Action research - follows a cyclical process, it is pragmatic and solution-driven


  Research design
• descriptive design - answers "w" questions related to a particular research option
• experimental design - controls the factors and variables related to a certain phenomena
• exploratory design - to gain information and insights that can be used for later researchers
• cohort design - identifies a group of people sharing the same characteristics who are then studied for a period of time
• cross-section design - talks about individuals with different characteristics
• longitudinal design - follows a group of people over a long period of time
• sequential design - carried out in stages to gather sufficient data to test the hypothesis
• mixed method design - combines aspects of various research designs and methods (quanti-quali methods)
• Research method - determines the approach of the research
• Quantitative research

  • aims to characterize trends and patterns
  • you follow a structure
  • usually starts with either a theory or hypothesis about the relationship between two or more variables
  • uses structured research (questioniares, surveys)
  • uses large samples to represent a population
  • who, what, where
  • understands more on the similarities of the data
  • focused on experiments
• Qualitative research

  • involves feelings and motives
  • produces holistic and in-depth data
  • focused on generating a hypothesis from the data rather than testing it
  • uses small sample as representatives for a population
  • how, what, why
  • flexible
  • focused on case-study
• technical aspects of qualitative research

  • should end with an open ended response
  • 10-15 people (45-240 mins)
  • validity, descriptions only
  • outlier - above aveage data (normally distributed data-statistics)
• promotes the pursuit of knowledg, truth, and credibility. It fosters the values that are needed in collaborative work. (Resnik, 2007)

  Ethics in research
• • voluntary participation
  • informed consent
  • risk of harm
  • confidentiality
  • anonymity 


  Rights of a participants
• • findings should be reported with complete honesty
  • intentional misinterpretation, misinformation, and misleading claims must be avoided
  • appropriate credits should be given when using other people’s work
  • acknowledge all content belonging to others 


  Ethical standards in research writing