GENBIO

• Cell is the basic unit of life.
• What is the smallest unit of life capable of reproducing independently?

  Cell
• Who was the first to discover cell in 1665 through observation of the bottle cork?


  Robert Hooke
• He observed nature directly.  He classified all known organisms as either plants or animals.

  Aristotle 334 B.C.E.
•  Produced the first compound microscope by lining up 2 lenses.

  Hans Janssen 1595
•  Robert Hooke is the first to call the spaces in the cork “cells” which means ______.

  little rooms
• Discovered that plants are made of cells.

  Matthias Schleiden 1838
• States "all animals are made of cells."

  Theodore Schwann 1839
•  Develops an intense purple dye, which is used to stain slides.

  Hans Christian Gram 1856
• He stated that “Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.”


  Rudolf Virchow 1858
• This theory states that:

  • all living things are composed of one or more cells
  • the cell is the basic unit of life 
  • new cells arise from existing cells

  The Unified Cell Theory
• •Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell

  •Double layer

  Cell Membrane
• •Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria

  •Supports & protects cells

  Cell Wall
• •Directs cell activities

  •Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

  •Contains genetic material - DNA

  Nucleus
• •Surrounds nucleus

  •Made of two layers

  •Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

  Nuclear Membrane
• •Inside nucleus

  •Contains RNA to build proteins

  Nucleolus
• •Gel-like mixture

  •Surrounded by cell membrane

  Cytoplasm
• • moved materials around in cell
  • produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function

  Endoplasmic Reticulum
• This type of ER has the presence of ribosomes.

  Rough ER
• •Each cell contains thousands

  •Make proteins

  •Found on RER & floating throughout the cell

  Ribosomes
• •Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates

  Mitochondria
• •Protein 'packaging plant'

  •Move materials within the cell

  •Move materials out of the cell

  Golgi Bodies
• •Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

  •Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal

  •Cell breaks down if this explodes

  Lysosomes
• •Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

  •Contains water solution

  •Help plants maintain shape

  Vacuole
• •Usually found in plant cells

  •Where photosynthesis takes place

  Chloroplast
• small, simple, and unicellular type of cell

  Prokaryote
• uni/multicellular type of cell and larger and more complex

  Eukaryote
• This is where the scattered DNA is found in a prokaryotic cell.

  Nucleoid region
• capable of producing their own food

  autotrophs
• rely on other sources, such as plants and animals to synthesize its own food

  heterotrophs
• Scattered DNA is located in this part of the Prokaryotic Cell

  Nucleoid Region
• What are the 4 eukaryotic organisms?

  Plants, Fungi, Protists, and Animals
• What are the 3 domains of life?

  Archea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
• What makes the plant cell rectangular in shape?

  Cell wall
• What type of cell is only capable of asexual reproduction?

  Prokaryotic cell
• What type of cell does not have any organelles but ribosomes?

  Prokaryotic cell
• What is the only fungi that is unicellular?

  Yeast
• What is the cell wall of fungi?

  Chitin
• What is the cell wall of plants?

  Cellulose