Characteristic of Driver, Vehicle, and Road

• VISUAL FACTORS IN THE DRIVING TASK

  Static visual acuity : Reading distant traffic signs

  Color: Identifying the color signals

  Depth Perception: Passing on two land roads with incoming traffic

  Peripheral Vision: Seeing a bicycle approaching form the left

  Dynamic visual acuity: Reading traffic sign while moving

  Glare sensitivity: Reduction in visual performance due headlight glare
• Visual acuity : the ability to see fine details of an object
• Dynamic visual acuity : ability to clearly detect moving object
• Glare Vision and Recovery

  Glare Vision results in a decrease in ability for a driver to see and causes discomfort for the driver.

  Glare Recovery is the time it takes for a driver to recover from the effects of glare after passing a light source.
• Factor affecting Perception - reaction time (PRT)

  • Age
  • Fatigue
  • Presence of drugs/ alcohol
  • Emotion
  • Complexity of reaction
• Recommended PRT : 2.5 sec
• Reaction distance

  $dr =$$0.278vt$

  dr = reaction distance, m

  t = reaction time, s

  v = initial speed of vehicle, km/h
• Use clear and consistent symbols, labels, and feedback mechanisms to reduce confusion and cognitive load on the driver.
• Standardization and Regulations: Support the development and adoption of industry standards and regulations that promote safety and minimize driver error.
• These standards may cover areas such as vehicle design, driver training, and the use of new technologies.
• Design of signs: Design the controls, displays, and interfaces within a vehicle to be intuitive, user-friendly, and easy to understand.
• Use this information to refine vehicle designs, training programs, and safety strategies.
• Continuous Improvement and Evaluation: Regularly assess and analyze data on driver behavior, incidents, and near misses to identify common errors and areas for improvement.
• Vehicles Characteristic?

  • Static
  • Kinematics
  • Dynamic
• Static characteristics

  • Weight of vehicle
  • Size of design vehicle
• Weight of vehicle important to determine the pavement depth and grade
• Size of design vehicle important to determine design standard
• Size of design vehicle determine:

  • Lane width
  • Shoulder width
  • Turning radius
  • Length
  • Width
• Kinematic characteristic related to the motion of vehicles.

  related to the acceleration capability of the vehicle.
• Kinematic characteristic affect several traffic operation:

  • passing maneuvers
  • gap acceptance
  • acceleration
• Dynamic characteristics

  Force that act on vehicle while in motion:

  • air resistance
  • grade resistance
  • rolling resistance
  • Curve resistance
• Braking distance

  $Db =$$(u0^2-u^2)/ 254 (f +- G)$