Unit 2 OTA

• Axial skeleton- Is the vertebral column, ribs, and sternum as well as the skull.
• Co-contraction- simultaneous activation of agonist and antagonist muscles, that contribute to static and dynamic stability for occupational performance
• Spine- the entire neck and back
• Core- back, abdomen, thorax, and pelvis
• Kyphosis- curves outward
• Lordosis- curves inward
• Abdominal wall- serves as a anterior musculature support for the trunk and counterbalance to the erector spine
• Thoracic outlet syndrome- a condition in which the brachial plexus/ vascular structures are compressed in the neck or axilla area.
• Intra-abdominal pressure- Stabilizes the lumbar spine for lifting and facilitates respiration, childbirth, and defecation.
• Atlantooccipital joint: interface between skull and vertebral column, “yes” joint it provides the flexion and extension of head.
• Atlantoaxial joint: “no” joint, rotation of head, formed by odontoid process extending vertically through the anterior arch and transverse ligament of axis.
• Interbody joints: consists of adjacent vertebral bodies vertically aligned, with intervertebral discs acting as a cushion between the two weight bearing surfaces.
• Zygapophyseal (facet) joints: superior and inferior faucets of adjacent joints on either side of vertebrae. Surrounded by joint capsules they allow for small motion between vertebrae.
• Costal Joints (costovertebraeal/costotransversal joints): connect vertebral body and transverse process respectively.
• Sternalcostal joints: are connections between ribs and sternum
• 1)     What are the three muscles of the erector spinae group

  Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
• What are the motions the erector spinae muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on

  Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side (Frontal plane/ Sagittal axis). Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column.
• Name two purposeful movements that the erector spinae produces

  Picking up toddler/ putting on socks.
• What are the three muscles of the transversospinalis group

  Multifidi, Rotatores, Semispinalis capitis.
• What are the motions the transversespinalis muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on  

  Multifidi and Rotatores- unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to opposite side. Bilaterally: extend vertebral column( Transverse plane/ Vertical axis). Semispinalis capitis: Extends the vertebral column and head.
• 1)     Name two purposeful movements that the transversalspinalis group produces

  Tai chi/ yoga
• What are the two muscles of the splenii group

  Splenius capitis

  Splenius cervicis
• What are the motions the splenii muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on

  Unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to the same side (Transverse plane/ Vertical axis), Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (Frontal Plane/ Sagittal axis). Bilaterally: Extend head and neck (Sagittal plane/Frontal axis).
• Name two purposeful movements that the splenii group

  Looking both ways when crossing a road/peeking your head around a corner
• What are the muscles of the suboccipital group

  Rectus capitis posterior major

  Rectus capitis posterior minor

  Oblique capitis superior

  Oblique capitis inferior
• What are the motions the suboccipital muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on

  Rectus capitis posterior major/minor and oblique capitis superior, rock and tilt the head back into extension (Frontal, Sagittal planes/ Frontal, Sagittal axis). Rectus capitis inferior/ oblique capitis inferior rotate the head to the same side (Transverse plane/ vertical axis). Oblique capitis superior laterally flex the head to the same side (Frontal plane/Sagittal axis).
• Name two purposeful movements that the subocciptial group produces

  Reading a book/ looking at a computer
• What are the muscles of the scalene group

  Anterior

  Middle

  Posterior
• What are the motions the scalene muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on

  Anterior, medial, posterior - Unilaterally: with fixed ribs laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to the opposite side (frontal plane/ sagittal axis). Bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation/flex the back of neck and head (Sagittal plane/Frontal axis, Vertical axis)
• Name two purposeful movements that the scalene group produces

  Driving/ Exercise that involves deep breathing
• What are the muscles of the abdominal wall

  Rectus abdominus

  External oblique

  Internal oblique

  Transverse abdominus
• What are the motions the abdominal wall muscles produce Include the plane and axis this movement occurs on

  Flex, rotate, tilt, compress, laterally flex (Sagittal plane, Transverse plane, Frontal plane/ Frontal axis, vertical axis, sagittal axis).
• Name two purposeful movements that the abdominal group produces

  Bed mobility/ lifting a child and carrying them
• Spinal: Erector Spine Group, Multifidi/ Rotatores, Sterbaocleidomastoid
• Cervical: Semispinalis capitis, Splenius capitis, cervicis,
• Suboccipital: Suboccipitals
• Lumbar plexus: Quadratus lumborum,
• Ventral Rami: Abdominal Muscules
• Phrenic: Diaphragm
• Thoracic: Intercostals