LESSON 2

• Science

  •  in pre-Spanish Philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people.
• Scientific knowledge

  • is observed in the way they plant their crops that provide them food, in taking care of animals to help them in their daily tasks, and for food production, 
• Technology 

  • is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and in developing tools that they can use in everyday life.
• Metal Age

  • The different archeological artifacts discovered in different parts of the country also prove that the ____ also had a significant influence on the lives of early Filipinos.
• The sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and metal tools proved that their technological ideas helped in the development of different tools. 
• Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan, and other nearby countries have influenced their lives by providing different opportunities for cultural and technological exchange.
• All these ancient practices in science and technology are considered now as indigenous science or folk science.
• When the Spaniards colonized the country, they brought with them their own culture and practices. They established schools for boys and girls and introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines. 
• It was the beginning of formal science and technology in the country, known now as  school of science and technology.
• Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies.
• Technology focuses on using and developing house tools used in everyday life.
• Life during the Spanish era slowly became modernized, adapting some Western technology and their ways of life. The Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials.
• Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities established by the Catholic orders. 
• The galleon trade has brought additional technology and development in the Philippines. Although it is only beneficial for the Spaniards, these trades allowed other ideas, crops, tools, cultural practices, technology, and Western practices to reach the country.
• The Americans have more influence in the development of science and technology in the Philippines compared to the Spaniards.
• American established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines, and created more public hospitals than the former colonial master.
• In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation, until it became a subject formally known as science 
• Researchers were done to control malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and other tropical diseases 
• World War II 

  • has destabilized the development of the country in many ways. Institutions and public facilities were turned into ashes, houses were burned, and many lives were destroyed. 
• Overseas Development Allocations

  • The use of this from different countries to help the country improve its scientific productivity and technological capability. Human resource development is at the heart of these efforts focusing on producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctors, and other professionals in the country.
• The development of science and technology in the Philippines, based on its brief history, is shaped by several factors and influences. Like in the history of science in other countries, it is always shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external.
• INTERNAL INFLUENCES:

  • Survival
  • Culture
  • Economic Activities
• EXTERNAL INFLUENCES:

  • Foreign Colonizers
  • Trades With Foreign Countries
  • International Economic Demands 
• R.A 9184

  • otherwise known as. the “Government Procurement Reform Act”, for the purpose of prescribing the necessary. rules and regulations for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the. procurement activities of the Government of the Philippines
• ASEAN

  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
• DOST 

  • Department of Science and Technology 
• NCRP

  • National Research Council of the Philippines
• ODA

  • OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT AID
• PAASE

  • Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering
• ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAM

  • ESEP- TO PRODUCE MORE PhD graduates in Science and Engineering
• PICARI

  • PHILIPPINE-CALIFORNIA ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTITUTES
• UNESCO

  • UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
• UN

  • UNITED NATIONS
• ASEAN

  • ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN  NATIONS
• SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

  • POLICIES
  • PROGRAMS
  • PROJECTS
• POLICIES  PROGRAMS  PROJECTS

  • NATIONAL GOALS
  • INTERNATIONAL TREATY 
  • LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
  • SOCIAL NEEDS, ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
• Ramon Cabanos Barba

  • for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes
• Josefino Cacas Comiso

  •  for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using satellite images
• Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. 

  • known internationally in the field of electrical engineering: was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
•  Lourdes Jansuy Cruz 

  • notable for her research on sea snail venom