Revolution

• The Scientific Revolution was facilitated by factors such as the printing press and emerging literate public, changes within religious denominations, academies and royal patronage, and the influence of existing philosophies and thought.
• The printing press, invented around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg, changed the production of books and led to a rise in literacy rates.
• The Reformation period saw the diminished power of the Catholic Church as Protestantism offered alternative religious narratives, creating ripple effects such as increasing openness to different explanations of natural phenomena.
• The rise of Catholic movements such as the Jesuits also played a role in the Scientific Revolution as their intellectual activities led to the building of schools and production of scholarly work, with emphasis on mathematics and the sciences.
• Academies and royal patronage were crucial in the Scientific Revolution as they provided financial and material support for organizations and helped to disseminate knowledge.
• The Academia dei Lincei, founded by Federico Cesi in 1603, was one of the first organizations to focus on science.
• The Royal Society of London, founded in 1660, was a significant academy in the Scientific Revolution.
• The Academie des Sciences in Paris, founded in 1666, was also a significant academy in the Scientific Revolution.
• The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s is 386,000 km.
• The distance between Earth and the Moon is 80,55,23,0 s.
• The Industrial Revolution extended to other parts of Europe with the invention of the petrol engine.
• Henry Ford, who founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903, began the mass production of automobiles for public use.
• Wilbur and Orville Wright were brothers who invented the first airplane that made its maiden flight in 1903.
• Gottlieb Daimler produced the first four-stroke internal combustion engine in 1885.
• Jupiter's rotation period is 333,000.000.
• In 1783, the hot air balloon was invented by Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier.
• Samuel Morse invented the Morse code, a system of dots and dashes, which became the standard for the use of telegraph all over the world by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
• One of the first petrol engines was invented in 1870 by the Austrian engineer Siegfried Marcus, Germans Karl Benz, and Wilhelm Maybach, and Gottlieb Daimler developed the first automobiles in the late 19th century.
• Galileo Galilei was inducted into the Lincei in 1611 and his studies were also funded by the Duke of Cosimo II de' Medici.
• Johannes Kepler was supported by Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire.
• The Scientific Revolution was facilitated by prior Arabic scholarship, the Greeks, and the Renaissance.
• As early as the 12th century, Arabic texts on science, mathematics, and medicine; as well as Arabic editions of Aristotle’s works were translated into Latin for universities.
• During the Renaissance, the humanists allowed the reproduction of many texts, such as Plato’s, who gave a role for mathematics.
• Plato and Pythagoras introduced a view of mathematics as a tool that enables an individual to understand the natural world and its laws.
• Developments in technology, facilitated by previous scientific discoveries, were a factor in the Industrial Revolution.
• While people still did agriculture work in exchange for money, there were peasant revolts against landlords.
• Fewer workers needed for production meant lower labor cost for employers, who had to pay wages.
• Britain had rich deposits of coal and iron ore, which addressed the growing demand for energy in urbanizing areas and replaced wood as fuel.
• The scientific method consists of five steps: stating the problem, formulating a testable hypothesis, experimentation and data gathering through measurement, interpreting data, and conclusions and retesting.
• Colonies, which later became markets for the produced goods and at the same time, sources of raw materials for production, were discredited by thinkers such as Adam Smith.
• Britain was already urbanizing some years before industrialization through the expansion of manufacturing and export-oriented rural industries.
• The textile industry faced a need to produce clothing material in massive quantity due to Britain’s growing population.
• The invention of steamboats reduced the cost of shipping manufactured goods and made possible for British traders to export their goods and acquire more capital.
• The machine helped saved hours needed in production and reduced labor costs.
• Galileo Galilei made contributions to the scientific method, an important tool in today’s empirical sciences.
• Half of labor productivity growth in Britain during the 1850 s onward was linked to steam power.
• Newton’s work culminates the change from a nonmathematical Aristotelian natural philosophy to a physics that is dependent upon mathematics.
• These machines were later used in workplaces such as mills.
• Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principa Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural) in 1687 remains today as one of the most important scientific books.
• It allowed mechanical power to be used in industries and later in transportation.