Metals and redox

• What can most metals not be found as?

  Pure lumps
• What must you do to obtain metals from compounds?

  You have to extract them
• What does reduction involve?

  Removal of oxygen
• What does oxidation mean?

  Addition of oxygen
• What is the result of oxidation?

  Addition of oxygen
• What is the result of reduction?

  Removal of oxygen
• What are the two types of reactions involving oxidation and reduction?

  • Oxidation: Addition of oxygen
  • Reduction: Removal of oxygen
• What is magnesium oxidized to?

  Magnesium oxide
• What is copper oxide reduced to?

  Copper using carbon
• What is the formula for magnesium oxide?

  MgO
• What is the substance that oxidizes the metal in a reaction?

  The oxidizing agent
• What is the substance that reduces the metal in a reaction?

  The reducing agent
• What do most metals need to be separated from?

  Ores
• What happens to unreactive metals in terms of forming compounds?

  They don't tend to form compounds
• Which unreactive metal is mentioned?

  Gold
• What do most metals do with other elements?

  React to form compounds
• Where can metals be found naturally?

  In the Earth's crust
• What is required for a compound to be worth extracting?

  It must contain enough metal
• What are limited amounts of metal ores referred to as?

  Finite resources
• What happens to the reactivity of metals as they become more reactive?

  Harder to extract from compounds
• What common metals are mentioned that form metal oxides?

  Iron and aluminum
• How can metals be separated from their oxides?

  By reduction reactions
• What is the most common type of reduction reaction?

  Uses carbon as reducing agent
• What is a limitation of using carbon as a reducing agent?

  Not all metals can be reduced
• What is the last point about metals in the study material?

  Only metals are mentioned
• What is the role of carbon in metal extraction?

  Carbon is a reducing agent.
• Why can't carbon be used for all metals?

  Not all metals can be reduced by carbon.
• What is the oxidation state of iron in $Fe^{2+}$?


  +2
• What is the oxidation state of iron in $Fe^{3+}$?


  +3
• What is the method of extraction linked to the order of reactivity?

  Reduction reactions with carbon.
• How does the reactivity of metals affect their extraction?

  More reactive metals require different extraction methods.
• What happens to metals that are less reactive than carbon?

  They can be extracted using carbon.
• What is the reaction that reduces iron oxide?

  Iron oxide is reduced in a blast furnace.
• What is produced when iron oxide is reduced?

  Iron is produced.
• What is the role of heat in the reduction process?

  Heat facilitates the reduction reaction.
• What is the significance of the reactivity series?

  It determines the extraction method for metals.
• How does carbon's reactivity compare to iron's in extraction?

  Carbon is more reactive than iron.
• What is the extraction method for aluminum?

  Electrolysis of aluminum oxide.
• Why is aluminum extracted using electrolysis?

  Aluminum is too reactive for carbon reduction.
• What is the extraction method for zinc?

  Reduction by carbon or electrolysis.