REN R 205: MAMMALS

• name three types of foot posture?

  
• three mammal groups?

  monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals
• the subclasses of the 3 mammal groups?

  Prototheria (perhaps earliest definitely strangest-lays eggs), Metatheria (live birth then pouch dvlpmt), Eutheria (placenta then birth)
• Metatheria (marsupials) have max 5/4 (top/bottom) incisors, while placental mammals have 3/3 incisors.
• opossums order and fam?

  didelphimorphia; didelphidae
• how many incisors on an opossum?

  5/4
• shrew and mole suborder?

  soricomorpha
• shrew family?

  soricidae
• soricomorpha features include dilamdodont teeth (w ridges) and 5 clawed feeties.
• soricidae features include teeny pointed snout and teeny eyes. extremely active and high heartbeat
• talpidae family?

  moles
• talpidae family characteristics include being fossorial and the palms of their fore feet face outwards.
• soricidae?

  shrews
• order chiroptera?

  bats
• vespertilionidae?

  evening bats
• uropatagium?

  membrane connecting hind legs and tail
• what is the name of the space in between the middle upper incisors(difft from other bat fams)?

  diastema
• carnivora(suborder) characteristics include 3 pairs of incisors, carnassial teeth (for shredding meat) and big ol canines.
• carnivora suborders are (6)?

  canidae, ursidae, felidae, procynidae, mustelidae, mephitidae
• what family are otters in?

  mustelidae
• mephitidae and mustelidae skulls have short rostrums, long parietal bones. one of the mustelidae skulls has a parietal extension-thing, and the other is also quite extended. the smaller mephitidae skull has a very short rostrum and a strong nuchal ridge.
• procyonidae characteristics include blunt molars and plantigrade. (no skull to know)
• canidae chracteristics include digitigrade, long-ass sloping rostrum, thin but visible sagittal crest, visible claws when tracking.
• Ursidae features include big-ass rostrum, plantigrade (foot posture), not many teeth compared to canidae, and mostly vegetarian - carnassials are not as sharp and pointy.
• felidae features include digitigrade, big-ass orbits bc good binocular vision (eyes face forward), decently short rostrum (not as short as mephitidae/mustelidae), vibrissae (whiskers), claws retract for tracking.
• suborder artiodactyla is which families (4)?

  bovidae, cervidae, suidae, antilocapridae
• artiodactyla features include unguligrade, even-toed: two toes and two dewclaws usually, ruminants (cud-chewing), NO upper incisors, only dental pad, except suidae (pigs).
• Suidae?

  pigs
• Suidae features include NOT ruminating bc they better than that, very flat heads and triangular skulls, small (incomplete?) orbits. no native species
• pronghorns?

  antilocapridae
• antilocapridae features include un-true horns that shed annually aka deciduous horns, no jumping, second-fastest land animal after cheetahs, 2 distinct white bands on neck, no dental pad.
• even-toed vs odd-toed?

  ruminants and dental pad possible and 2/4 toes vs 1/3 toes, simple stomach but complex intestine.
• horns vs antlers?

  horns are permanent, keratin and no branches vs antlers are deciduous, bone and branched. horns male and female, antlers male+female caribou
• cervidae?

  deer, caribou, elk, moose
• cervidae features include antlers (at least males, except for female caribou), dental pad, ruminants.
• bison?

  bovidae
• bovidae?

  sheep and bison
• bovidae features are true horns and dental pad. rostrum much shorter than antilocapridae.
• suborder of horses and tapirs?

  perissodactyla
• perissodactyla features include lots of teeth (aint no dental pads that would be too normal) being ODD-TOED but still unguligrade (foot posture). complex intestine but not ruminants (cud)