pre spanish to japanese military government

• The Philippines was already occupied by people from various waves of migration from neighbouring islands and composed themselves into barangay.
• The barangay was the local government unit known in the whole archipelago headed by a chieftain called Rajah or Datu.
• The barangay imposed and implemented rules, passed judgment and penalties to maintain peace and order and assisted by Maginoos who acted as the Council of elders.
• Monarchial form of government was emphasized and the social classes were grouped into maharlikas, timawa and alipin.
• In the Pre-Spanish Government period, the Maragtas Code (1250) by Datu Sumakwel and Kalantiaw Code (1433) by Datu Kalatiaw were imposed.
• The Spanish Government established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a national government and the local governments that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities.
• With the cooperation of the local governments, the national government maintained peace and order, collected taxes and built schools and other public works.
• The governor general, as the King's representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines, exercised certain legislative powers and issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws.
• The Spaniards created local government units to facilitate the country's administration.
• There were two types of local government units in the Philippines - the alcadia and the corregimiento.
• The alcadia, led by the alcalde mayor, governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated.
• The corregimiento, headed by corregidor, governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.
• The alcalde mayors represented the Spanish king and the governor general in their respective provinces.
• Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by Gobernadorcillos, whose main concerns were efficient governance and tax collection.
• The Katipunan was a secret society that precipitated our glorious revolution on August 26, 1896.
• The Katipunan was organized by Andres Bonifacio.
• The central government of the Katipunan was vested in a Supreme Council.
• In each province of the Katipunan, there was a Provincial Council and in each town, a popular Council.
• The Judicial Power in the Katipunan was exercised by a Judicial Council.
• The Katipunan was replaced by another government whose officials, headed by Gen Emilio Aguinaldo as President, were elected in the Tejeros Convention on March 22, 1897.
• A republic was established by Gen Emilio Aguinaldo on November 1, 1897 in Biak-na-Bato (now San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan).
• The constitution of the Biak-na-Bato Republic was to take effect for two years only.
• The Biak-na-Bato Republic declared that the aim of the revolution was the "separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an independent state".
• The Biak-na-Bato Republic lasted up to December 15, 1897 with the conclusion of the "Pact of Biak-na-Bato".
• Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial Government in the Philippines on May 24, 1898.
• The most significant achievements of the Dictatorial Government were the Proclamation of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898 and the reorganizations of local governments.
• A Congress was convened in January 1899 in Barasoain Church and inaugurated the first Philippine Republic.
• The 1899 Malolos Constitution of the first Philippine Republic, which was the first Asian democracy to be established during the Philippine Revolution that culminated in Asia, ended the more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule in the Islands.
• In the administration of the Philippines, the Governor-General is assisted by many boards and officers, particularly the Board of Authorities and the Council of Administration.
• The decree making such change stated that the aim of the revolutionary government was "to struggle for the independence of the Philippines, until all nations including Spain will expressly recognize it" and "to prepare the country for the establishments of a real republic.
• The American Colonial Period began with the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.
• American Military Government in the Philippines began on April 4, 1898, the day after the capture of Manila.
• The President of the United States, as Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces of the United States, had the authority to establish a military government in the Philippines.
• The authority of the President was delegated to the military governor who exercised all powers of the government during the war.
• Wesley Merritt was the first military governor of the Philippines, followed by General Elwell Otis and Major General Arthur MacArthur.
• Civil Government in the Philippines was inaugurated in Manila on July 4, 1901, pursuant to the Spooner Amendment which ended the military regime.
• The Civil Governor, whose position was created on October 29, 1901, exercised Legislative powers and remained as President of the Philippine Commission, the sole law-making body of the government from 1901 to 1907.
• From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission acted as the upper house of the Legislative branch with the Philippine Assembly serving as the lower house.
• With the passage of the Spooner Law in 1916, these two bodies gave way to the Philippine Legislature.
• The Philippines was represented in the United States by two Resident Commissioner who were elected by the Philippine Legislature.