Unit 2 21st

• Legends are in a form of prose and the general theme of which is about the origin of a thing, location, or name.
• Folk tales are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can derive lessons about life.
• Epics are long narrative poems that dealt with the protagonists’ or heroes’ series of heroic achievements or events.
• Myths are narratives that describe and portray in symbolic language the origin of the basic elements and assumptions of a culture.
• Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-Spanish period.
• Pre-Spanish Period Our ancestors already had their own literature emblazoned in the history of our race. Literature occurred even prior to composing implements.
• Spanish Period (1565-1898) Spain colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of the Filipinos.
• ALIBATA was the first Filipino alphabet which was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
• The Christian Doctrine (Doctrina Cristiana) was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in Xylography, written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog and Spanish.
• Nuestra Señora del Rosario was the second book printed in the Philippines written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602, containing the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion.
• Libro de los Cuatro Post Primeras de Hombre is the first book printed in typography.
• Ang Barlaan at Josaphat is the first Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de Borja, with 556 pages and believed to be the first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines.
• Fr. Agustin Mejia translated Ang Barlaan at Josaphat in Ilocano.
• Urbana at Felisa is a book written by Modesto de Castro, known as the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog, containing the letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and has greatly influenced the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good behavior.
• The Passion is a book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ, and it is read only during lent, with 4 versions in Tagalog, each according to the name of the writer.
• Tibag means to excavate and is a ritual to remind the people about the search of Saint Helena for the Holy Cross where Jesus Christ was nailed and died.
• Lagaylay is a special occasion to get together during the month of May for the Pilarenos of Sorsogon.
• Cenaculo is a dramatic performance to re-enact the passion and death of Jesus Christ.
• Panunuluyan is a reenactment of Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph in search of an inn to deliver the baby Jesus.
• Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Jesus Christ and His Mother.
• Carillo or Shadow Play is a dramatic entertainment performed on dark nights projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet.
• Zarzuela is considered the Father of Drama and is a musical comedy or melodrama in three acts which deals with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social and political problems.
• Sainete is a short exaggerated musical comedy performed by characters from the lower class.
• Moro-Moro is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
• Karagatan is a poetic competition where a ritual is performed based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the sea and who offered her hand in marriage to anyone who can find it.
• Balagtasan is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a topic or issue held in honor of Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.
• Dung-aw is a chant in free verse by a grieving person beside the corpse of the dead.