English 101

• Communication comes from the Latin word 'communicare' which means 'to share' or 'to divide'.
• Communication also comes from the word 'communis' which means 'working together'.
• Aristotle’s model of communication is the most common and widely accepted model where the sender sends the information or a message to the receivers to influence them and make them respond and act accordingly.
• The speech of President Rodrigo Duterte at the Philippine China Trade and Investment Forum Beijing, China on October 20, 2016, can be viewed on YouTube.
• The five principles of effective oral communication were not followed in the speech of President Rodrigo Duterte.
• Advice to make the speaker more effective would be to follow the five principles of effective oral communication.
• Aristotle has given three elements that must be present in a good communicator or public speaker: logos, pathos, and ethos.
• Sensible selection of words, studying the audience, adopting the right body language, ensuring proper eye contact, and ensuring verbal modulation are important elements to remember during the preparation of a speech by the speaker.
• Aristotle's model of communication is also known as a 'linear model of communication', 'uni-directional process’, or 'action model because it describes a one-way process within the communication.
• The Aristotle's model of communication consists of five components used as an analysis tool for evaluating the entire communication process.
• The previous 'W' questions are the basis for these components.
• The answers to these questions provide insight into the communication between people.
• A message further comprises of the following elements: Content, which is the matter or the script of the conversation, and Element, which includes hand movements, gestures, postures, facial expressions, body movements.
• A message cannot be expressed in one go, it has to be properly structured in order to convey the message in the most desired form, this is referred to as the structure of the code.
• Knowledge is the clarity of the information which the speaker wants to convey to the second party.
• One must understand the importance of the message and must know how to handle it.
• The source must possess excellent communication skills to know where to take pauses, repeat sentences, pronounce words, and so on.
• Enter a wrong code and the locks will never open, enter a wrong password, you will not be able to open your email account.
• The source transfers his information to the recipient with the help of communication skills, attitude, knowledge, social systems, and culture.
• Treatment is the way one treats his message and conveys to the listeners.
• If a boss wants to fire any of his employees, he has to be authoritative and can’t express his message in a casual way, this is referred to as the treatment of the message.
• One must be thorough in what they are speaking with complete in-depth knowledge of the subject.
• Culture refers to the cultural background of the community or the listeners where the speaker is communicating or delivering his speech.
• Communication skills are essential for the source to make his communication effective and create an impact among the listeners.
• When an individual converts his thoughts into words, a message is created, a process also known as Encoding.
• The source, also known as the sender, is the one from whom the thought originates and transfers the information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words.
• Attitude is crucial for the source to create a long-lasting impression on the listeners.
• Knowledge is not related to the educational qualification of the speaker or the number of degrees he has in his portfolio.
• A person might be a very good speaker but if he doesn't have the right attitude, he would never emerge as a winner.
• The sender must have the right attitude to create a positive impact on the listeners.
• Communication models:

  • Aristotle’s model
  • Laswell’s model
  • Shannon-Weaver’s model
  • David Berlo’s model of communication
• Definition of Communication:

  • Communication comes from the Latin word "communicare" which means "to share" or "to divide"
  • It also comes from the word "communis" which means "working together"
• What is a communication model?

  • A communication model represents the communication process, ideas, thoughts, or concepts through diagrams
  • They are systematic representations that help understand how communication can be carried out
  • Theorists have been building communication models since 300 BC to explain and improve communication and rhetoric
• Aristotle’s Model:

  • Widely accepted and common model of communication
  • Sender sends information or a message to receivers to influence them and make them respond and act accordingly
• Important Elements of a Good Communicator:

  • Aristotle identified three elements for a good communicator: logos, pathos, and ethos
  • Tips for speech preparation:
  • Sensible selection of words
  • Study the audience
  • Adopt the right body language
  • Ensure proper eye contact
  • Ensure verbal modulation
• Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication:

  • Known as the "mother of all models"
  • Also known as information theory or the Shannon theory
  • Developed to enhance telephone communication by minimizing noise
• Source (S):

  • The sender transfers information to the receiver using communication skills, attitude, knowledge, social systems, and culture
• Message (M):

  • Message is created when thoughts are converted into words (Encoding)
  • Elements of a message:
  • Content
  • Element
  • Treatment
  • Structure
• Channel (C):

  • Refers to the medium through which information flows from sender to receiver
  • Examples: Hearing, Tasting, Seeing, Smelling, Touching
• Receiver (R):

  • When the message reaches the receiver, decoding occurs
  • Receiver should possess good communication skills, right attitude, knowledge, and be from the same social and cultural background as the speaker