SYSTEMATICS LEC

• Earth was formed approximately __ billion years ago.

  4.5
• Earth’s history can be divided/represented through ________ ____ scale.

  Geologic Time
• It divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms that have exited during specific times since the creation of the planet.

  Geologic Time Scale
• It is described as any preserved remains, impression or trace of any once-living thing from a past geologic age.


  Fossils
• The study of fossils.

  Paleontology
• What are the four Geologic Time Scale Divisions?

  Eon, Era, Period, and Epoch
• This period accounts majority of our planet's history. During this period, most of the organisms were unicellular bacteria.

  Precambrian Period
• These are the building blocks of life.

  Amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides
• It appeared around 3.8 billion years ago. It has simple cell structure with DNA as genetic material and basic metabolic processes which thrives in extreme environments.

  Prokaryotic Cells
• These are sediments with microorganisms inside.

  Stromatolites
• True or False : At the end of Precambrian, almost all of earth is dominated by volcanoes.

  False. Almost all of the earth is dominated by water.
• It is the geologic era 541 -252 million years ago wherein there is dramatic geological, climatic, and evolutionary change.

  Paleozoic Era
• It is the period that marked a profound change in life on Earth. During this period, supercontinent Gondwana starts to form.

  Cambrian Period
• It is an event that considerably increased the diversity of life during the Ordovician Period.

  The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
• The period which ended because of the temperature dropped, causing an extinction event where 60% organisms died.

  Ordovician Period
• It is the period where jawed and bony fished continue to diversify. During this period, multicellular organisms started to appear on land in the form of simple plans and few land arthropods.

  Silurian Period
• Dubbed as the Age of Fishes.

  Devonian Period
• A period where swamp forests were common and amphibians were the dominant animals.

  Carboniferous Period
• During this period, supercontinent Pangaea formed. Also, within this period swamp forests were replaced by conifers and other drought resistant plants.


  Permian Period
• This is the period where continents were broken apart. During this period, new dinosaurs emerged including T-Rex.

  Cretaceous Period
• It is referred to as the Age of Dinosaurs and the Age of Conifers.

  Mesozoic Era
• During this period reptiles were the most abundant animals

  Triassic Period
• This period is referred to as the Age of Dinosaurs where Dinosaurs flourish. Also, within this period first birds started to appear.


  Jurassic Period
• It is an era referred as the Age of Mammals.


  Cenozoic Era
• In this period, rodent sized mammals diversified in the absence of dinosaurs. First whales were observed during this period.

  Paleogene Period
• A period where mammals and birds continue to evolve into their modern forms. This is also when early hominids started to appear.

  Neogene Period
• It is the period considered the Age of Humans. During this period, ice ages occur followed by warmer interglacial periods.

  Quaternary Period
• When do we celebrate the International Day for Biological Diversity?

  May 22
• True or False : There are 1 billion times more microbes on Earth than stars in the Universe.


  True
• It is the belief (faith) that the universe and living organisms originate from the specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.

  Creationism
• He discovered the genetic basis of Darwin & Wallace’s evolutionary inheritance and the one known today as the Founder of Modern Genetics.

  Gregor Mendel
• It is a variant of Panspermia that serves as transfer vehicles for spreading biological material from one solar system to another solar system.


  Lithanospermia
• It is a variant of Panspermia that serves as transfer vehicles for spreading biological material from one planet to another planet within the same solar system.

  Ballistic Panspermia
• It is a variant of Panspermia described as an intentional spreading of the seeds of life to other planets by an intelligent life or advanced extraterrestrial civilization, or by humans.

  Directed Panspermia
• A mass of ice, rock and dust drifting in space that often has a tail, which grows as it gets closer to the Sun.

  Comet
• A body made up of rocks, both metallic and nonmetallic, that orbits the sun, usually found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.


  Asteroid
• A solid body, often an asteroid fragment, typically larger than a grain of sand and smaller than one meter across, flying through interplanetary space.


  Meteoroid
• A meteoroid that enters Earth’s atmosphere, producing streak of light. A meteor can appear as a lone object (shooting star) or in clusters (meteor shower).


  Meteor
• A meteoroid that burns as it travels through our atmosphere, leaving behind a very bright streak of light.


  Fireball
• A fragment found on the ground when a meteoroid does not completely burn up as it travels through the atmosphere.

  Meteorite