Chapter 1

• •Science and Technology and Society is an interdisciplinary course designed to examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our society, politics, and culture.
• • Science is an evolving body of knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions and experimental and empirical activities that generates universal truths.
• Technology on the other hand is the application of science and creation of systems, processes, and objects designed to help humans in their daily activities.
• SOCIETY is defined as a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
• If we look at it from a different perspective, history can also be referred to as a "how."
• Hyperhistory is with so many written information scattered about, we cannot file them anymore in physical containment. Sometimes, these documents tend to get lost in a heaping mess.
• The Egyptian medicine was considered advanced as compared with other ancient nations because of one of the early inventions of Egyptian civilization – the PAPYRUS
• Papyrus is an ancient form of paper, Egyptians took thin slices of the stem of the papyrus plant, laid them crosswise on top of each other, moistened them, and then pressed and dried them. The result was a form of paper that was reasonably easy to write on and store.
• Mesopotamians were making pottery using the first known potter’s wheel. Not long after, horse-drawn chariots were being used.
• The Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)


  • Scientific thought in Classical Antiquity becomes tangible from the 6th century BC in pre-Socratic philosophy (Thales, Pythagoras). In circa 385 BC, Plato founded the Academy
• The Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)


  Aristotle begins the "scientific revolution" of the Hellenistic period.
• The Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)


  This period produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and astronomy; an awareness of the importance of certain scientific problems, especially those related to the problem of change and its cause; and a recognition of the methodological importance of applying mathematics to natural phenomena and of undertaking empirical research.
• The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam.
• Islamic science was characterized by having practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding.
• Astronomy was useful in determining the Qibla, which is the direction in which to pray, botany is applied in agriculture and geography enabled scientists to make accurate maps. Mathematics also flourished during the Islamic Golden Age with the works of Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid al Kashi that led to advanced in algebra, trigonometry, geometry and Arabic numerals
• Ancient China gave the world the Four Great Inventions which include the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing
• As stated by Karl Marx, "Gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press were the three great inventions which ushered in bourgeois society…
• •The 14th century was the beginning of the cultural movement of the Renaissance, which was considered by many as the Golden Age of Science.
• The Renaissance (1300 AD – 1600AD)


  •The most important technological advancement of all in this period was the development of printing, with movable metal type, about the mid-15th century in Germany.
• The Enlightenment Period or the Age of Reason was characterized by radical reorientation in science, which emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith
• The Enlightenment’s important 17th-century precursors included the key natural philosophers of the Scientific Revolution, including Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
• Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840)


  • The science of metallurgy permitted the tailoring of alloy steels to industrial specifications, the science of chemistry permitted the creation of new substances, like the aniline dyes, of fundamental industrial importance, and that electricity and magnetism were harnessed in the electric dynamo and motor.
• Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840)


  • Important developments in transportation and communication, including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio
• The start of the 20th century was strongly marked by Einstein’s formulation of the theory of relativity (1905) including the unifying concept of energy related to mass and the speed of light: E = mc2.
• • The 20th century has seen medicine find a cure for many life-threatening diseases and the beginning of organ transplants.
• • The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a way of describing the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.
• Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution


  It’s a fusion of advances in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and other technologies.
• Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive digital experiences (using a VR headset) that simulate the real world, while augmented reality merges the digital and physical worlds
• Pre-Spanish Era


  Archeological artifacts revealed that the first inhabitants in the archipelago who settled in Palawan and Batangas around 40 000 years ago have made simple tools or weapons of stone which eventually developed techniques for sawing, drilling, and polishing hard stones.
• Dr. Jose Rizal is the epitome of the Renaissance man in the Philippine context during spanish period
• • If the development in science and technology was very slow during the Spanish regime, the Philippines saw a rapid growth during the American occupation and was made possible by the government’s extensive public education system from elementary to tertiary schools.
• • The government provided more support for the development of science and created the Bureau of Government Laboratories in and was later changed to Bureau of Science. During american period
• •In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science and was placed under the Office of the President of the Philippines. However, the agency faced a lack of financial support from the government and experienced planning and coordination problems. (Science and Technology since independence)
• Philippines ranked 73rd out of 128 economies in terms of Science and Technology and Innovation (STI) index, citing the country’s strength in research and commercialization of STI ideas (DOST, 2018)
• Hopes in Philippine Science and Technology

  Micro-satellite called DIwata-1, Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH) and the Intelligent Operation Center Platform
• . In April 2016, the country launched into space its first micro-satellite called Diwata-1. It was designed, developed and assembled by Filipino researchers and engineers under the guidance of Japanese experts
• . In April 2016, the country launched into space its first micro-satellite called Diwata-1. It was designed, developed and assembled by Filipino researchers and engineers under the guidance of Japanese experts
• • Another hope lies in the so-called Intelligent Operation Center Platform. Established through a collaboration between the local government of Davao City and IBM Philippines Inc
• Scientific Paradigm


  It is a framework containing all the commonly accepted views about a subject, conventions about what direction the research should take and how it should be performed
• The country also has the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH), which uses the Lidar (light detection and ranging) technology.