Reproductive System of Plants

• Plants are multicellar organisms and their cell wall are made of cellulose.
• Plants are made of tisues and organs.
• Plants that don’t have water conducting tissues or transport system such as xylem and phloem are called non-vascular plants.
• Non-vascular plants - These plants may have structures that look lie roots, stems and leaves but they do not have xylem and phloem. They are usually very small and lively closely to the ground to be able to absorb water directly.
• Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts - examples of non-vascular plants
• Vascular plants - plans with transporting tissues.
• Xylem - transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.
• Phloem - transports the sugar made during photosynthesis or the food of the plants from the leaves to all parts of the plant’s body.
• Spore-bearing plants - ferns, club mosses, and horsetails
• Seed-bearing plants - pine trees and flowering plants
• Gymnosperms and Angiosperms - Two main types of seed-bearing plants
• Gymnosperms - do not produce flowers
• Angiosperms - produce flowers
• Pants undergo the process oof photosynthesis with the aid of sunlight in making their own food.
• Plants - called producers because they are independent in making their own food.
• It is possible for them to make their own food because they have chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll - a green pigment that enables plants to manufacture their own food.
• Anther - consists of two lobes that contain pollen sacs in which pollen grains are located.
• Filament - holds the anther
• Pollen grains - microscopic bodies that contain the male reproductive cell of a plant.
• The Stamen is the male reproductive part and contains anther, filament, and pollen grains.
• The Pistil is the female reproductive part and contains the stigma, style, ovary and ovules.
• Stigma - swollen structure at the end of a style and the opening of the pistil.
• Style - stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary.
• Ovary - found at the base of the pistil that houses the egg cells.
• Ovules - egg cells of plants that will develop into a seed when fertilized.
• Flowers - the reproductive organs of Angiosperms or flowering plants.
• Sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil - four special parts of flowers.
• The sepals collectively known as calyx protects the flower as it grows.
• Petals are collectively known as corolla.
• Sepals/Calyx - usually small and green and located at the base of the flower.
• Petals/Corolla - attractively colored to attract pollinators.
• The pollen grains are found in the anther.
• The opening of the pistil is the stigma.
• Stigma - has a sticky or feathery quality that enables it to capture and collect pollen.
• When the pollen reaches the stigma, it germinates into a pollen tube.
• The pollen tube goes down through a long neck-like structure called the style until it reaches the ovary.
• Eggs or ovules - stored in the ovary until they are fertilized.
• Vascular plants are further classified as angiosperms (seed-bearing plants), gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) and pteridophytes (spore-bearing plants).
• Gymnosperms - plants that produce seeds but have no flowers.