LITE SG 1

• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a term used to describe technologies in manipulating and communicating information, especially in relation to modern telecommunication systems as they have evolved to intensive use of computing technology coupled with the enormous increase in communications between computers relying on the telecommunications infrastructure to do so.
• The two areas of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have increasingly merged as telecommunications has moved from analog to digital and then to packet technologies, and as the Internet has emerged to become one of the dominant data communications systems in use today.
• The very first forms of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and all the forms leading up to our current forms of ICT make our current technologies what they are today.
• The evolution of the first Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to our current form of ICT goes through four stages: Premechanical, Mechanical, Electromechanical and Electronic.
• The premechanical age of technology is the earliest known form of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), defined as the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D., when humans first started communicating and tried to do this in several ways including using language or simple symbols and picture known as petroglyphs which were usually carved into rock.
• Early alphabets were developed during the premechanical age of technology, including the Phoenician alphabet.
• Pens and paper began to develop during the premechanical age of technology, starting off as marks on wet clay but later developing into paper made from the Papyrus Plant.
• ICT stands for information, communication, and technology.
• Cyber security is an area that covers how to defend devices and services from electronic attacks by nefarious actors such as hackers.
• The different application of ICT in our everyday life embraces Education, Banking, Industry and Ecommerce.
• The evolution of ICT goes through stages, namely: Premechanical, Mechanical, Electromechanical, and Electronic.
• The participants of the network maintain the data, and they hold the democratic authority to approve any transaction which can happen on a Blockchain network.
• A typical Blockchain network is a public Blockchain.
• Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
• Current trends and emerging technologies include Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Edge Computing, Quantum Computing, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, and Cyber Security.
• The effect of ICT in different areas of specialization are faster communication speed, lower communication cost, reliable mode of communication, effective sharing of information, paperless environment, borderless communication, and negative effect that created social problems and health problems.
• 5G services are expected to revolutionize our lives by enabling services that rely on advanced technologies like AR and VR, alongside cloud-based gaming services like Google Stadia, NVidia GeForce Now and much more.
• The first books and libraries were developed during the premechanical age of technology.
• The first numbering systems were developed during the premechanical age of technology, with the first 1-9 system created by people from India around 100A.D.
• There are some negative effects of ICT, creating social problems in the society as people tend to choose online communication rather than having real time conversations.
• Internet offers fast information retrieval, interactivity, accessibility, and versatility, making it a borderless source for services and information.
• Faster communication speed is a benefit of the Internet, allowing news or messages to be sent efficiently.
• Artificial Intelligence is a method of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently like the human mind.
• The Internet is a reliable mode of communication, as computers are reliable and information can be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and at any time.
• Effective sharing of information is facilitated by ICT, enabling knowledge sharing which contributes to the development of a knowledge-based society.
• Computer users are also exposed to bad posture, eyestrain, physical and mental stress, which can be solved by introducing an ergonomic environment, for example, an ergonomic chair and a screen filter to minimize eye strain.
• Technology today is evolving at a rapid pace, enabling faster change and progress, causing an acceleration of the rate of change, until eventually, it will become exponential.
• Traders had to find ways to market local products in the global market.
• Lower communication cost is another benefit of the Internet, making it cost-effective than other modes of communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service.
• The term paperless environment is created by ICT, meaning information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper.
• The number 0 was invented around 875A.D. (775 years later) during the premechanical age of technology.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is accomplished by studying the patterns of the human brain and analyzing the cognitive process.
• When exposed to new data, these applications learn, grow, change, and develop by themselves.
• Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), and Extended Reality (ER) are immersive technologies that can be used for training, as with Virtual Ship, a simulation software used to train U.S. Navy, Army and Coast Guard ship captains.
• Information on a Blockchain network is not controlled by a centralized authority, unlike modern financial institutions.
• Quantum computing, which takes advantage of quantum phenomena like superposition and quantum entanglement, is involved in preventing the spread of the coronavirus, and to develop potential vaccines, thanks to its ability to easily query, monitor, analyze and act on data, regardless of the source.
• Some of the tasks performed by AI-enabled devices include speech recognition, object detection, solving problems and learning from the given data, and planning an approach for future tests to be done.
• Machine learning involves computers finding insightful information without being told where to look, by leveraging algorithms that learn from data in an iterative process.
• Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is the use of software with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required humans to perform.
• Blockchain is a list of records called blocks that store data publicly and in chronological order, encrypted using cryptography to ensure that the privacy of the user is not compromised and data cannot be altered.