2.1.2 Potential Difference (Voltage)

• What is potential difference (voltage)?

  Electrical energy difference
• One volt is equal to one joule of energy per one coulomb
• Steps to measure potential difference using a voltmeter

  1️⃣ Connect the voltmeter in parallel across the component you want to measure

  2️⃣ Choose the appropriate voltage range

  3️⃣ Read the voltage displayed on the voltmeter
• Ohm's Law states that potential difference is inversely proportional to resistance.

  False
• Match the key elements of Ohm's Law with their descriptions:

  Potential Difference ($V$) ↔️ Drives the flow of current

  Current ($I$) ↔️ Electrical charge flow

  Resistance ($R$) ↔️ Impedance to current
• What does Ohm's Law state about the relationship between potential difference, current, and resistance?

  V is proportional to I
• In Ohm's Law, the symbol $V$ represents the potential difference
• The unit of resistance in Ohm's Law is the ohm (Ω)
• What is the current flowing through a 10-ohm resistor connected to a 5-volt power supply?

  0.5 amperes
• In a series circuit, the total potential difference is the sum of the potential differences across each component
• In a parallel circuit, the potential difference is the same across all branches.
• How is potential difference distributed in a series circuit?

  Divided among components
• Match the variable with its definition and unit:

  Potential Difference ($V$) ↔️ Energy per charge, Volt (V)

  Current ($I$) ↔️ Flow of charge, Ampere (A)

  Resistance ($R$) ↔️ Impedance to flow, Ohm (Ω)
• Potential difference is measured in volts
• Potential difference represents the electrical potential energy difference between two points.
• What is one volt equal to in terms of joules and coulombs?

  One joule per coulomb
• The symbol for the unit of potential difference is V
• A voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure potential difference.
• Steps to use a voltmeter effectively:

  1️⃣ Connect in parallel

  2️⃣ Set the range

  3️⃣ Read the voltage
• Ohm's Law states that the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current
• Ohm's Law is expressed mathematically as $V =$$IR$
• What is the unit of potential difference in Ohm's Law?

  Volts
• What is the unit of current in Ohm's Law?

  Amperes
• What is the unit of resistance in Ohm's Law?

  Ohms
• According to Ohm's Law, the potential difference drives the flow of current
• Resistance is the impedance to the flow of current in a circuit.
• If a 10-ohm resistor is connected to a 5-volt power supply, what is the current flowing through it?

  0.5 amperes
• Ohm's Law states that the potential difference across a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance
• The current through a 10-ohm resistor connected to a 5-volt power supply is 0.5 amperes.
• In series circuits, the potential difference is divided across the components
• In series circuits, the total potential difference is the sum of the individual potential differences across each component.
• In parallel circuits, what is the relationship between the potential difference across each branch?

  They are equal
• In parallel circuits, the total potential difference is equal to the potential difference across any branch
• In series circuits, the potential difference is divided among the components.
• The potential difference across an electrical component is calculated using Ohm's Law
• What does the variable 'V' represent in Ohm's Law?

  Potential difference
• What is the unit of current in Ohm's Law?

  Amperes
• Match the variable with its definition in Ohm's Law:

  $V$ ↔️ Potential difference

  $I$ ↔️ Current

  $R$ ↔️ Resistance
• If a 10-ohm resistor has a current of 2 amperes flowing through it, the potential difference across it is 20 volts
• The potential difference across a 10-ohm resistor with 2 amperes of current flowing through it is 20 volts.