Natural science(cells and microscope)

• Cell: smallest unit of living organisms that can perform all the functions necessary for life.
• Microscopic:so small that it can only be seen under a microscope
• cells form tissue
• Tissues form organs
• Organs form an organ system
• Organ systems form organisms
• Cells-tissue-organs-organ system-organism
• Unicellular:only consisting of a single cell
• Multicellular: consisting of many cells
• The size and shape of a cell relates to its function
• • red blood cells
  • muscle cells
  • nerve cells
  • bacterium
  • plant cell
  • Egg cell
• Cell wall: protects cell, strong, gives shape. Made up of cellulose(non living).
• Cell membrane:outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells, selectively permeable
• Selectively permeable: controls which pass in and out the cell(allows food and oxygen and water in and let waste out)
• Chloroplasts:green organelles where photosynthesis takes place.contain chlorophyll. Found in only plants
• Chlorophyll: gives leaves and stems their colour. Captures sunlight and coverts it to glucose
• Cytoplas:jelly like substance inside cell membrane where reactions take place. Contains all organelles of a cell
• Organelles: specialiized structures that perform specific functions within the cell
• Nucleu: controls the cell ,contains hereditary material called DNA,surrounded by cell membrane usually the largest
• Mitochondris:powerhouse of the cell releases energy from food (glucose) through cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration: O2+Glucose-CO2+H2O+energy
• vacuoles:fluid filled sacs that are surrounded by a membrane. Store food,waste,water.
• Base-supports stage,the microscope stands on it
• Ocular lens: the lens we look through, 10x mag
• Mirror: catches light and directs it to the specimen
• Barrel: holds the ocular lens
• Arm: connects the barrel and the base, used to carry the microscope
• Rotating nose piece: rotating structure that allows us to chose which lens to look through
• Diaphragm:adjusts the amount of light reaching the specimen
• stage: where the glass slide with the specimen sits on
• Stage clip: holds the glass slide in place
• Condense:focuses light onto the specimen
• Objective lenses: closes lens to specimen, magnifies image: 10x,40X,100X
• coarse focus: changes the distance between the stage and the lens to get a rough image
• Fine focus: changes the distance between the stage and the lens slightly to get a clearer image