ENZYMOLOGY

• Enzymes - proteins within cells
• The active site is the region where substrates bind to an enzyme, while the rest of the protein serves as a scaffold or support structure.
• Enzymes are measured in terms of activity
• What are the General Properties of Enzymes?

  Active Site

  Allosteric Site
• The active site is water free
• What is the cavity other than the active site?

  Allosteric site
• True or False: Enzymes are macromolecules. TRUE
• Enzymology is the study of enzymes, biomolecules that enhance reaction.
• Without enzymes, most reactions in the body would take 200 years to finish.
• What are the factors in Enzymology/Enzymes?

  Enzyme Concentration

  Substrate Concentration

  Co-factors

  Inhibitors

  Isoenzymes

  Temperature

  Storage
• What factor of Enzymes that "the more they are, the better reactions will happen"?

  Enzyme concentration
• What factor is that without this, the enzymes cannot function?

  Substrate Concentration
• Non-protein that must bond to a particular enzyme before a reaction occurs and it helps enzymes to bind?

  Co-factors
• Example of Co-factors?

  Electrolytes
• Types of Inhibitors?

  Competitive

  Non-competitive

  Uncompetitive
• Factor that same specie but different structure?

  Isoenzymes
• What temperature that the enzyme is metabolically active?

  25-37C
• What temperature that the enzyme is denatured?

  38-50C
• What temperature that the enzyme become inactive?

  60-65C
• What temperature are the enzymes stored?

  -20C
• What enzyme reaction where the enzyme reacts at a designated time?

  Fixed Time
• What enzyme reaction where the enzyme makes multiple measurements of absorbance changes during the reaction?

  Kinetic assay
• What is the most common enzyme reaction used in determining enzymes?

  Kinetic assay
• Give me cardiac enzymes/markers.

  Creatine Kinase

  Lactate Dehydrogenase

  Myoglobin

  Troponin I

  Brain-type natriuretic peptide
• Another name for Creatine Kinase?

  ATP-Creatine-N-Phosphotransferase
• Another name for Lactate Dehydrogenase?

  L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase
• What is the enzyme important for the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate?

  Creatine Kinase
• Creatine Kinase is Dimeric with 2 different monomers, what are these?

  M and B
• Creatine Kinase is predominantly found in where?

  Skeletal muscles

  Heart muscles

  Brain muscles
• Creatine Kinase transfers phosphate group between what?

  Creatine Phosphate and ADP
• Where can you use Creatine Kinase?

  AMI

  Muscular dystrophy

  Central Nervous System disorders
• What CK isoenzyme that is the major isoenzyme in the sera of healthy people?

  CK-MM
• What is another name for CK-MM?

  Muscle type or CK-3
• CK-MM's major activity is in the?

  Heart
• Another name for CK-BB?

  Brain Type or CK-1
• What CK isoenzyme is the fastest to migrate during electrophoresis?

  CK-BB
• This CK isoenzyme is normally found in neonatal sera...

  CK-BB
• CK-BB is elevated during brain injury and carcinomas.
• Another name for CK-MB?

  Hybrid Type or CK-2
• This is the most specific CK isoenzyme for AMI.

  CK-MB