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Mitosis and meiosis
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Cards (38)
What are some similar vocabulary terms in biology?
Chromosome
,
chromatid
,
chromatin
,
transcription
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What does mitosis result in?
Body cells
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What does meiosis result in?
Sperm
and
egg cells
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What is the starting cell type for mitosis and meiosis?
Diploid
cell
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How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
2
sets
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How many chromosomes do humans have in total?
46
chromosomes
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What happens during interphase?
The cell duplicates its
chromosomes
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How many chromatids are there after chromosome duplication?
92
chromatids
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Why is interphase important?
It duplicates
chromosomes
before
mitosis
or
meiosis
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What acronym helps remember the stages of mitosis and meiosis?
PMAT
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How many times does meiosis go through the PMAT stages?
Twice
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What happens during prophase in mitosis?
Chromosomes
become visible and condense
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What occurs during prophase I in meiosis?
Chromosomes match up with
homologous pairs
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What does homologous mean in genetics?
Similar
size
and
gene locations
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What is crossing over?
Exchange of
genetic
information between
chromosomes
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What does metaphase in mitosis involve?
Chromosomes
line up in the middle
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How do chromosomes line up in metaphase I of meiosis?
In pairs, not a single file line
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What happens during anaphase in mitosis?
Chromatids
are pulled away to opposite sides
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What is pulled away during anaphase I in meiosis?
Chromosomes
, not
chromatids
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What occurs during telophase in mitosis?
New nuclei form around
chromosomes
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What follows telophase in both mitosis and meiosis?
Cytokinesis
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What do we end with after mitosis and cytokinesis?
Two identical
diploid
cells
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth and replacing
damaged
cells
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What happens during prophase II in meiosis?
Chromosomes
condense
, no
crossing over
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How do chromosomes line up in metaphase II?
In a
single file line
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What is pulled away during anaphase II?
Chromatids
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What occurs during telophase II?
New nuclei form and
chromosomes
separate
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What do we end with after meiosis?
Four
non-identical gametes
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What type of cells do males produce in meiosis?
Sperm cells
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What type of cells do females produce in meiosis?
Egg cells
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What does haploid mean?
Half the number of
chromosomes
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How many chromosomes do gametes have in humans?
23
chromosomes
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What is formed when a sperm and egg cell combine?
A
diploid
cell called a
zygote
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What process does a zygote undergo to develop into a new organism?
Mitosis
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What are the main stages of mitosis and meiosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis
: Produces 2 identical
diploid
cells
Meiosis
: Produces 4 non-identical
haploid
gametes
Mitosis: One round of
PMAT
Meiosis: Two rounds of PMAT
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What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
Increases
genetic diversity
Allows exchange of genetic material
Occurs during
prophase I
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What is the role of cytokinesis in cell division?
Splits the cytoplasm
Completes the division of the cell
Follows
telophase
in both processes
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