Mitosis and meiosis

Cards (38)

  • What are some similar vocabulary terms in biology?
    Chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, transcription
  • What does mitosis result in?
    Body cells
  • What does meiosis result in?
    Sperm and egg cells
  • What is the starting cell type for mitosis and meiosis?
    Diploid cell
  • How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
    2 sets
  • How many chromosomes do humans have in total?
    46 chromosomes
  • What happens during interphase?
    The cell duplicates its chromosomes
  • How many chromatids are there after chromosome duplication?
    92 chromatids
  • Why is interphase important?
    It duplicates chromosomes before mitosis or meiosis
  • What acronym helps remember the stages of mitosis and meiosis?
    PMAT
  • How many times does meiosis go through the PMAT stages?
    Twice
  • What happens during prophase in mitosis?
    Chromosomes become visible and condense
  • What occurs during prophase I in meiosis?
    Chromosomes match up with homologous pairs
  • What does homologous mean in genetics?
    Similar size and gene locations
  • What is crossing over?
    Exchange of genetic information between chromosomes
  • What does metaphase in mitosis involve?
    Chromosomes line up in the middle
  • How do chromosomes line up in metaphase I of meiosis?
    In pairs, not a single file line
  • What happens during anaphase in mitosis?
    Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides
  • What is pulled away during anaphase I in meiosis?
    Chromosomes, not chromatids
  • What occurs during telophase in mitosis?
    New nuclei form around chromosomes
  • What follows telophase in both mitosis and meiosis?
    Cytokinesis
  • What do we end with after mitosis and cytokinesis?
    Two identical diploid cells
  • What is the purpose of mitosis?
    Growth and replacing damaged cells
  • What happens during prophase II in meiosis?
    Chromosomes condense, no crossing over
  • How do chromosomes line up in metaphase II?
    In a single file line
  • What is pulled away during anaphase II?
    Chromatids
  • What occurs during telophase II?
    New nuclei form and chromosomes separate
  • What do we end with after meiosis?
    Four non-identical gametes
  • What type of cells do males produce in meiosis?
    Sperm cells
  • What type of cells do females produce in meiosis?
    Egg cells
  • What does haploid mean?
    Half the number of chromosomes
  • How many chromosomes do gametes have in humans?
    23 chromosomes
  • What is formed when a sperm and egg cell combine?
    A diploid cell called a zygote
  • What process does a zygote undergo to develop into a new organism?
    Mitosis
  • What are the main stages of mitosis and meiosis?
    • Prophase
    • Metaphase
    • Anaphase
    • Telophase
  • What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?
    • Mitosis: Produces 2 identical diploid cells
    • Meiosis: Produces 4 non-identical haploid gametes
    • Mitosis: One round of PMAT
    • Meiosis: Two rounds of PMAT
  • What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
    • Increases genetic diversity
    • Allows exchange of genetic material
    • Occurs during prophase I
  • What is the role of cytokinesis in cell division?
    • Splits the cytoplasm
    • Completes the division of the cell
    • Follows telophase in both processes