Cell Structure

• The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps with cell movement.
• what is function of the nucleus

  1. controls actions of the cells
  2. contains dna which has instructions for protein synthesis
• what is the function of the nucleolus

  1. site of ribosome production
  2. immobilizes proteins

  3. 3. forms signal recognition particles
• what is the function of the nuclear envelope

  1. contains pores which control the passage of ions, molecules and rna between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
• what is the function of the mitochondria

  1. makes atp via respiration
• what are features of mitochondria

  1. double membrane structure 


  2. own dna and ribosomes

  3. inner layer has folds called cristae

  4. outer layer called mitochondrial matrix has enzymes for respiration
• what is the function of the chloroplasts


  site of photosynthesis
• features of chloroplast


  inner membrane contains interconnected and stacked membrane sacs called thylakoids
• what is the function of the Golgi apparatus: processes and packages proteins and lipids and produces lysosomes
• what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum: site of protein synthesis and transport
• what is the function of the cytoskeleton: gives cells shape, support and movement
• function of centrioles: organise spindle fibres during cell division
• what is the function of the Golgi vesicles? transport modified proteins and lipids
• what is the function of a lysosomes : breaks down old organelles and dead matter
• function of the cytoskeleton :

  1. maintains the shape of the cell
  2. secures organelles in specific positions
  3. allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move in the cell
  4. allows multicellular organisms to move
• what is the function of the micro filaments : thicken the cortex around the inner edge of the cell and resist tension
• what is the function of the microtubules : maintain cell shape by resisiting compressive forces
• what is the function of the intermediate filaments : hold organelles in place
• similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells :

  1. both contain organelles
  2. phospholipid bilayer membrane
• differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells :

  1. eukaryotic cells larger and complex cells
  2. prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles
  3. prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission and eukaryotic divide by mitosis and meiosis