Biology

• Xylem transport water, is made of thick cells, the cells contain a high lignin and are joined to form tubes with no end cell walls
• Phloem transport sugar, made of companion cells, the cell walls contain cellulose like other plants and the cells ae joined to form tubes with sieve plants
• Communicalbe disease: a disease that spread between people/organisms. Disease caused by pathogens.
• Non communicable disease are diseases that cannot be passed from person to person, such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease
• Bacteria: A prokaryotic cell that is unicellular and contains a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a cytoplasm. Releases toxins
• Virus: A small infectious particle that can only reproduce inside a living cell. Invades cell, reproduces burst out of cell
• Fungi: eukaryotic, multicellular, reproduce by spores. Invading tissue
• Antiseptic: Kills pathogens on our skin or other living suface
• Drug: A substance that is taken into the body to treat or prevent disease.
• Monoclonal antibodies: Antibodies produced by a single clone of B cells
• Benign tumor: Tumors that stay in the same place, do not invade other cells
• Maligant tumors: Tumors which spread and invade the bloodstream and invade other tissues
• Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water - Oxygen + glucose

  6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Sensory neurone: Carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
• Relay neurone: Carry impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone
• Moto neuone: Carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector
• Effectors: Muscles, glands, and other organs that respond to the nervous system
• Stimuli: Any change in the environment that can trigger a response in an organism.
• Receptors: Sensory receptors detect stimuli and send signals to the CNS.
• CNS: Central Nervous System, consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• 1(smell) receptors (body part)-2 sensory neurone-3 CNS-4 motor neurone-5 Effector
• Neurone: A cell which electrical impulse passes along
• Nerve: A bundle of neurons that carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
• Cerebal cortex: Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language
• Hypothalamus: Temperature control
• Pituitary gland: Produces chemical messengers called hormones
• Cerebellum: coordanating muscular activity and balance#
• Medulla: Controll of heart beat, movements of the gut and breathing
• Hormones: chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to target cells and trigger a response
• Pituitary- Controls growth in children

  - Stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroxine

  Women- Stimulates ovaries to produce and release eggs and makes oestrogen

  Men- Stimulates tests to make sperm and makes testosterone
• Thyroid: Controls metabolic rate of the body
• Pancreas: Controls the levels of glucose in the blood
• Adrenal: prepare the body for stressful situations
• Ovaries: produce oestrogen and progesterone, which control the menstrual cycle
• Testers: Controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm
• Insulin: helps blood sugar enter the body's cells so it can be used for energy.
• Glucagon: increases blood sugar by breaking down glycogen into glucose
• Hormones are chemical messengers that travel around the body to target organs or tissues where they have an effect
• Population 


  All organisms of one species living in a habitat
• Community 


  The population of different species living in a habitat