Specialised cells

• Villi:

  -digest food molecules that are absorbed into blood stream

  -microvilli increase surface area of small intestine making food absorb quicker
• Sperm:

  -male gamete that fertilises and egg cell

  -has one copy of chromosomes in nucleus

  -streamlined head with enzymes to break through the egg

  -tail and mitochindria for energy
• Egg:

  -female gamete that is fertilised by sperm cell

  -one copy of chromosomes in nucleus
• Ciliated Epithelial Cell:

  -found in respiratory tract or oviduct and traps particles to move them along

  -small hairs on top of the cell move
• Xylem:

  -moves water from roots to leaves of plant where photosynthesis occurs

  -hollow to transport large volumes of water

  -strong walls support stem of plant
• Phloem:

  -move dissolved sugars around the plant

  -particles can move throughout the column in all directions
• Root hair cell:

  -absorbs water and mineral ions from soil

  -large surface area allows more to be absorbed

  -many mitochondria needs for active transport

  -no chloroplasts because no photosynthesis
• Red blood cell:

  -delivers oxygen to cells and collects oxygen from lungs

  -no nucleus maximises space for haemoglobin

  -small size to fit into capillaries

  -flattened disc shape = large surface area
• Palisade:

  -collects light for photosynthesis

  -found in top layer of leaf with many chloroplasts for more light absorption