Cell cycle

• Mitosis is a process that involves cell division.
• Steps of mitosis in the correct order

  1️⃣ Prophase

  2️⃣ Metaphase

  3️⃣ Anaphase

  4️⃣ Telophase

  5️⃣ Cytokinesis
• The nucleus contains structures called chromosomes
• What is the role of chromosomes in the nucleus?

  Carry genetic information
• Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins.
• Match the scientific terms with their definitions:

  DNA ↔️ Deoxyribonucleic acid

  Chromosome ↔️ Structure carrying genetic information

  Protein ↔️ Macromolecule essential for cell function
• In what year was Walter Fleming's study on cell division published?

  1879
• Walter Fleming's work provided foundational knowledge about mitosis.
• Walter Fleming's studies used salamanders
• What is the term for the thread-like structures observed during cell division by Walter Fleming?

  Chromosomes
• Steps of chromosome movement during mitosis

  1️⃣ Chromosomes align at the equator

  2️⃣ Chromatids separate

  3️⃣ Chromosomes move to opposite poles
• The process of dividing the cytoplasm during cell division is called cytokinesis
• What is the outcome of cytokinesis in cell division?

  Two identical cells
• Cytokinesis always occurs after telophase in mitosis.
• Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:

  Prophase ↔️ Chromosomes condense

  Metaphase ↔️ Chromosomes align at the equator

  Anaphase ↔️ Chromatids separate and move to poles

  Telophase ↔️ New nuclei form
• During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
• What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

  It breaks down
• Steps of DNA replication during interphase

  1️⃣ DNA unwinds

  2️⃣ DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides

  3️⃣ DNA polymerase creates complementary strands
• DNA replication occurs during interphase before mitosis.
• During DNA replication, the original DNA molecule serves as a template.
• What is the first step of DNA replication?

  DNA unwinds
• Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during metaphase.
• What happens to chromosomes during anaphase?

  Move to opposite poles
• During telophase, new nuclear membranes form around the separated chromosomes.
• The final step of cell division that divides the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis.
• Arrange the steps of mitosis based on chromosome behavior:

  1️⃣ Chromosomes condense (Prophase)

  2️⃣ Chromosomes align at the equator (Metaphase)

  3️⃣ Chromatids separate and move to poles (Anaphase)

  4️⃣ New nuclei form (Telophase)
• Fertilization results in a single cell called a zygote.
• What process forms a zygote after fertilization?

  Fusion of gametes
• The zygote multiplies through mitosis to form a multicellular organism.
• What type of cell division does a zygote undergo to multiply?

  Mitosis
• Mitosis is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in organisms.
• What happens to the number of chromosomes after a complete cycle of mitosis?

  Remains the same
• Mitosis results in two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
• Mitosis is a stage of the cell cycle.
• What is the primary outcome of mitosis in the cell cycle?

  Cell division