US History - Unit 7

• Textiles impact of steam engine : first of all, steam engine helped textile mills to be established independent from rivers, And as steam engine improved, textile mills grew and machinery became faster. Production expanded and spread all over the world.
• Samuel Slater: Invented the spinning jenny, which made it possible for more people to work
• Factory System 


   a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor
• Industrial Revolution


  a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700s
• Free Enterprise System


  an economy where the market determines prices, products, and services rather than the government. Businesses and services are free of government control.
• Industrialization

  The process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.
• Urbanization


  the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas; a shift in population from rural farms to large cities.
• Sanitation


  maintaining a clean condition to promote hygiene and prevent disease.
• manufacturing

  The process of making a raw material into a finished product; especially in large quantities.
• Textiles


  a fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing
• Interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney


  part (components) that are identical for practical purposes.
• tariff 


  a tax intended to increase prices of imports and protect a country's industries (manufacturing) from foreign competition.
• nationalism


  love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it; the belief that your national culture and interest are superior to any other
• sectionalism


  is loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.
• inland waterway

  a route taken on canals, rivers, and lakes. Before the development of railroads, this type of transportation was the most important for urban expansion in the US
• foreign policy


  a government's strategy in dealing with other nations.
• revenue


  income generated by the government, usually through taxes.
• discrimination


  treating people unfairly based on their race, religion, or ethnicity.
• prejudice


  denial of equal rights or equal treatment to certain groups of people.
• steel


  a form of iron that is both durable and flexible. It was first mass produced in the 1860s and quickly became the most widely used metal in construction, machinery, and railroad equipment
• famine


  severe shortage of food usually caused by crop failure or disaster
• cultivate


  to nurture and help grow / prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening
• domestic


  generally means relating to someone's family, home, or home country
• cholera


  an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies, causing severe vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Western Frontier


  a region at the edge of a settle are, most often categorized as the western edge of settlement
• profit


  ana mount of money that you gain when you are paid more of something than it cost you to make
• heritage

  features belonging to the culture of a particular society such as traditions, languages or building s, which come from the past an are still important
• technology


  the use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems, especially in industry and business
• Push factor


  A factor that induces people to move out of their present location, such as conflict, famine, overpopulation.
• Pull Factor


  a factor that induces people to move to a new location such as available and, economic opportunity, religious and political freedom.
• Cottage industry / domestic system


  Manufacturing based in homes rather that in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.
• Infrastructure


  the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies).
• Mass Production


  Process of making large quantities of a standardized product quickly and cheaply.
• Subsistence Farms


  Small plots where farmers grow only enough food to feed their families
• Clipper ship


  ship with sleek hulls and tall sails that "clipped" time from long journeys
• Conestoga wagon


  Sturdy vehicle topped with white canvas and used by pioneers to move west.

  
• Pillars of the Free Enterprise system


  Private ownership, individual initiative, profit, competition and consumer sovereignty
• Clay's American System


  Henry Clay's plan for economic growth; protective tariffs, transportation, roads and canals (infrastructure), 2nd national bank.
• Antebellum


  Belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War
• Artisan


  a skilled craftsperson