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Module 1: What is biology?
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Cards (54)
Define extant species
a
living
species
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Why do polar beards have a clear inner eye lid?
to protect their eyes
underwater
and reduce
direct
sunlight
exposure
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why do polar bears have small eyes?
reduced
risk of
snow
blindness
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Why do polar bears have a thick layer of blubber?
energy storing
and
insulation
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Why do polar bears have fur on the soles of their feet?
for
insulation
and
ice
grip
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Why do polar bears have large feet?
to spread
body mass
over ice and snow
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What is the function of a polar bear's strong legs?
allows them to
run
and
swim
after prey
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What is the function of a polar bear's sharp claws and teeth?
catching and eating
prey
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What is the function of a polar bear's small ears?
reduced
heat
loss
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What is the function of a polar bear's white, thick fur?
insulation
and
camouflage
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Define function
the
adaptation
and its
use
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Define structure
an
anatomical
feature
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Define adaptation
the
evolutionary
process whereby a population becomes
better suited
to it's
habitat
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Why did Lamarck define biology?
he believed all living things should be
studied together as a whole
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Who defined the term biology?
Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck
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What was the term natural history replaced with in the 18/19 century?
zoology
and
botany
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Who are two other famous English naturalists?
Charles
Darwin
, and David
Attenborough
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What did Reverend White study?
first to study
behaviours
of organisms instead of
classifying
them
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Who is Reverend Gilbert White?
a
modern naturalist
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What did Pliny the Elder study?
wrote the
encyclopedia
of
natural history
( 37 books)
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Who is
Gaius Plinius Secundus
?
(
Pliny the elder
) a
roman naturalist
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What did Theophrastus do?
classified
and
divided plants
into trees herbs, and shrubs
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Who is Theophrastus?
the father of
botany
and student of
Aristotle
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What did Aristotle study?
used
empirical method
and
inductive reasoning
to form questions about the
truth
of the
universe
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Who is
Aristotle
?
the father of
zoology
and
biology
, first person to use the
scientific method
to study living things
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When did humans first domesticate plants and eventually livestock for farming?
the neolithic period
( the Stone Age)
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Define natural history
the study of
natural objects
, also includes non
biological
fields and the study of
minerals
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Define evolution
living things
change gradually
from
one form to another
over the
course
of
time
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What is the unifying principle of biology?
evolution
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Give an example of a
behavioural adaptation
hibernation
of
bears
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Define behavioural adaptation
a repose by an organism to external stimuli as a biological adaptation
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Give an example of a physiological adaptation
skunks
release an
oil secretion
to
ward off predators
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Define physiological adaptation
a biological
adaptation
in which a
nonvisable
change occurs within the
cells
,
tissues
, or
organs
of a
organism
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Give an example of a structural adaptation
the
crerata
of a
nudibranch
increase it's
surface area
for
mass exchange
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Define
structural adaptation
a
biological adaptation
in which the
morphology
, or
physical
structures of an
organism
are
changed
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What are the types of biological adaptation?
structural
,
physiological
, and
behavioural
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What are cerata?
tentacles
found on the
back
of a
nudibranch
used for
additional gas exchange surface area
and
defense
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Define rhinophores
sensory tentacles
found on the
head
of a
nudibranch
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Why are nudibranchs brightly colored?
it levers as a
warning
to
predators
that they are
unpalatable
(
toxic
or
bad tasting
) and serves as a form of
chemical defence
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Why don't nudibranchs have shells?
because their
gastropods
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See all 54 cards
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