Module 1: What is biology?

    Cards (54)

    • Define extant species
      a living species
    • Why do polar beards have a clear inner eye lid?
      to protect their eyes underwater and reduce direct sunlight exposure
    • why do polar bears have small eyes?
      reduced risk of snow blindness
    • Why do polar bears have a thick layer of blubber?
      energy storing and insulation
    • Why do polar bears have fur on the soles of their feet?
      for insulation and ice grip
    • Why do polar bears have large feet?
      to spread body mass over ice and snow
    • What is the function of a polar bear's strong legs?
      allows them to run and swim after prey
    • What is the function of a polar bear's sharp claws and teeth?
      catching and eating prey
    • What is the function of a polar bear's small ears?
      reduced heat loss
    • What is the function of a polar bear's white, thick fur?
      insulation and camouflage
    • Define function
      the adaptation and its use
    • Define structure
      an anatomical feature
    • Define adaptation
      the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to it's habitat
    • Why did Lamarck define biology?
      he believed all living things should be studied together as a whole
    • Who defined the term biology?
      Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
    • What was the term natural history replaced with in the 18/19 century?
      zoology and botany
    • Who are two other famous English naturalists?
      Charles Darwin, and David Attenborough
    • What did Reverend White study?
      first to study behaviours of organisms instead of classifying them
    • Who is Reverend Gilbert White?
      a modern naturalist
    • What did Pliny the Elder study?
      wrote the encyclopedia of natural history ( 37 books)
    • Who is Gaius Plinius Secundus?

      ( Pliny the elder ) a roman naturalist
    • What did Theophrastus do?
      classified and divided plants into trees herbs, and shrubs
    • Who is Theophrastus?
      the father of botany and student of Aristotle
    • What did Aristotle study?
      used empirical method and inductive reasoning to form questions about the truth of the universe
    • Who is Aristotle?

      the father of zoology and biology, first person to use the scientific method to study living things
    • When did humans first domesticate plants and eventually livestock for farming?
      the neolithic period ( the Stone Age)
    • Define natural history
      the study of natural objects, also includes non biological fields and the study of minerals
    • Define evolution
      living things change gradually from one form to another over the course of time
    • What is the unifying principle of biology?
      evolution
    • Give an example of a behavioural adaptation
      hibernation of bears
    • Define behavioural adaptation
      a repose by an organism to external stimuli as a biological adaptation
    • Give an example of a physiological adaptation
      skunks release an oil secretion to ward off predators
    • Define physiological adaptation
      a biological adaptation in which a nonvisable change occurs within the cells, tissues, or organs of a organism
    • Give an example of a structural adaptation
      the crerata of a nudibranch increase it's surface area for mass exchange
    • Define structural adaptation
      a biological adaptation in which the morphology, or physical structures of an organism are changed
    • What are the types of biological adaptation?
      structural, physiological, and behavioural
    • What are cerata?
      tentacles found on the back of a nudibranch used for additional gas exchange surface area and defense
    • Define rhinophores
      sensory tentacles found on the head of a nudibranch
    • Why are nudibranchs brightly colored?
      it levers as a warning to predators that they are unpalatable (toxic or bad tasting) and serves as a form of chemical defence
    • Why don't nudibranchs have shells?
      because their gastropods
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