Pedia (Nursing Care of the High Risk)

• TERM INFANTS - INFANTS BORN AFTER 37 WEEK AND BEFORE 42 WEEK OF PREGNANCY.
• PRETERM INFANTS- INFANTS BORN BEFORE 37 WEEK
• POST TERM INFANTS - INFANTS BORN AFTER 42 WEEKS.
• APPROPRIATE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE -Infants who fall between the 10th and 90th percentile of weight for their age regerdless of gestational age.
• SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE -
Infants who fall below the 10thpercentile of weight for their age.
• LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE -Infants who fall above the 90th percentile of weight for their age.

• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT - Infants weighing less 2,500 g
• VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT- Infants weighing 1,000 to 1,500 g
• EXTREMELY VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT - Infants born weighing 500 to 1,000 g
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus - is an extra blood vessel found in babies before birth and just after birth. In most babies who have an other wise normal heart, the PDA will shrink and close on its own in the first few days of life. If it stays open longer, it may cause extra blood to flow to the lungs.
• Periventricular OR Intraventricular hemorrhage - is a disease process that affects the premature newborn infant. Hemorrhage occurs when vessels of the germinal matrix in the periventricular area rupture, which can then extend into the ventricle as intraventricular hemorrhage
• Retinopathy of prematurity - is an eye disease that can happen in babies who are premature (born early) or who weigh less than 3 pounds di birth. ROP happens when abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye).
• Polycythemia Vera-Hypoxia -causes increased production of red blood cells. Management is partial exchange transfusion.
• Post-term - is an infant born after 42 weeks of gestation.The problems of infants are associated with the progressively less efficient capacity of the placenta to sustain intrauterine life.
• Small for gestational age - They may have experiencedIntrauterine Growth Restrictions (IUGR) or failed to grow at the expected rate in utero.
• Avoid high concentrations of oxygen to prevent retrolental fibroplasia.
• Caloric Intake is 200/220 kcal/kg of body weight.
• Sterile water for initial feeding to test ability to suck gag and swallow.
• Bottle feed for 20 minutes.
Gavage the remainider of the formula to avoid excessive fatigue.
• Amniocentesis - to asses lung maturity
• Causes in LGA, Congenital Anomalies called omphalocele
• Preterm infants - infant born before 37 weeks of gestation.
• Kernicterus - complication of severe jaundice. Excessive bilirubin damaging the brain or CNS
• Small for gestational age - sunken abdomen, wide skull suture, loose dry skin, and sparse hair growth
• Post-term - absent vernix and lanugo, abundant scalp hair, yellow to green skin beacuse of meconium staining, old man wrinkled appearance.
• Necrotizing Enterocolitis - intestine inflammed with gas bubbles. (SGA)
• Prepare to provide nourishment other that oral route such as Total parenteral nutrition
• Nonstress test - to assess the placenta's ability to sustain the large fetus during labor