Aristotle is a student of Plato and Tutor of Alexander the Great, he was one of the greatest philosophers who ever lived and the first genuine scientist in history. He also believes that there were two kind of motion: Natural and Violent Motion.
Galileo Galilie became an advocated of the new theory of solar system wherein the sun is at the center. He's referred to as the "Father of Modern Astronomy" and the "Father of Modern Physics". Einstein called Galileo "Father of Modern Science".
Motion is a the movement or change in locations of an object overtime, it is often describe in terms of direction, location and speed.
Object Falls in a constant speed and their speed depends on their weight - Aristotle
Natural Motion is the motion arising from the nature of an object. This motion does not require an external cause in order to occur.
Violent Motion is a motion contrary to the nature of the object and requires an external force in order to occur.
Object can move freely with the absence of friction, therefore if there's a friction, force is needed for the object to continuously move.
1st Experiment - As the ball rolls down in incline plane, it speeds up.
2nd Experiment - As the ball rolls up in incline plane, it slows down.
3rd Experiment - As the ball rolls on a level plane, it didn't speed up nor slow down but it kept moving.
Aristotle's View - If two objects of different weight are dropped from a height both of them will hit the ground at the same time.
Galileo's View - Heavier Objects are more strongly attracted so they fall faster.
Aristotle's View - Bodies seem to need push or pull to maintain horizontal motion.
Galileo's View - If there's no interference, a moving object will keep moving in a straight line forever.
Galileo's View - Projectile followed a curved path.
Aristotle's View - An Object is influence by the download force of gravity. The arrow shot in the air directly fall down vertically in the ground.