Matter

• Kinetic Particle Theory

  * Particles are arranged differently for different particles

  *Solid

  -Rigid particles

  -Particles cannot move

  -Vibrates in place

  *Liquid

  -Loose particles

  -Particles can slide

  -Held together by force

  *Gas

  -Free Particles

  -Particles move freely

  -Not held together by force

  *Plasma

  -Gas-like particles

  -Particles move freely

  -Conducts electricity

  -Magnetic (becomes ionized when electrified)
• Physical properties of matter do not change its composition.
• Flexibility is a property of a material to bend without breaking.
• Solubility is the property of a substance that refers to the ability of a given substance to dissolve in a solvent.
• Density is a property of matter that expresses the relationship of mass to volume.
• Electrical conductivity is a property of a material that determines how well it can conduct electricity.
• Hardness is a property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched.
• Thermal conductivity is a property of a material to transfer heat.
• Miscibility is a property of two or more liquid substances to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous mixture.
• Ductility is a property of a material to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking.
• Malleability is a property of a material that defines their ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.
• Boiling Point is the property of a liquid to change into gas at a given temperature.
• Melting Point is the property of a solid to change into a liquid at a certain temperature.
• Brittleness is the property of a material that fractures when subjected to stress, but has little tendency to deform before rupture.
• Magnetic Ability is the property of matter to exhibit external magnetic field.
• Viscosity is the property of a fluid to resist deformation at a given rate.
• Luster is the property of a material to shine by reflecting light, glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss.
• Elasticity is the property of a material to resume its normal shape after being stretched or compressed.
• Homogenous Mixtures (Solutions) are mixtures that look like a single substance.
• A Solute is a substance dissolved in a Solvent.
• A Solvent is a substance that dissolves a Solute.
• Unsaturated solutions are those where more solute dissolves.
• Saturated solutions are those where no more solute dissolves.
• Supersaturated solutions are those where crystals form.
• Heterogenous Mixtures (Colloids and Suspensions) are those where the Solute is not uniformly distributed in the Solvent.
• Chemical Properties refer to the potential of a substance to undergo chemical change and the evidence of chemical change.
• Flammability is the ability of a material to combust or ignite.
• Corrosivity is the property of a material to deteriorate in the presence of water via an electrolytic process.
• Acidity is the property of an acid to donate a proton.
• Basicity is the property of a base to accept a proton.
• Reactivity is the potential for a substance to undergo chemical change.
• Evidence of chemical change can include the formation of a precipitate, the evolution of gas, or a change in an intrinsic property, usually color.
• Evolution or absorption of heat is evidence of chemical change.
• 1. pH Scale

  • Measures acidity and basicity
  • Measures relative amount of free hydrogen
  • Less than 7
  • Acidic
  • Equal to 7
  • Neutral
  • Greater than 7
  • Basic
• 1. Intensive and Extensive Properties

  • Intensive
  • Independent to amount
  • Extensive
  • Dependent to amount
• Separation Techniques

  • Manual or Physical
  • To separate not chemically bonded items
  • Magnetic Separation
  • To separate mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic particles
  • Decantation
  • To separate part of mixture is denser than the other
  • Filtration
  • To separate mixture is insoluble solid and a liquid
  • Sieving
  • To separate different sized solids
  • Crystallization
  • To separate  pure solid from solution
  • Evaporation
  • To separate soluble solid and liquid
  • Distillation
  • To separate pure solvent or liquid from solution
  • Chromatography
  • Separating 2 or more components from a solution
• Tyndall Effect

  • Scattering of light in a colloid or suspension