Speech Science Exam 1

• what are the three systems?

  respiratory, laryngeal and supralaryngeal
• What system is the air source(power)?

  respiratory
• what system is the sound source(vocal cord vibration)?

  laryngeal system
• what system is the sound filter(above the larynx)?

  supralaryngeal system
• What does this picture represent?

  source-> resonator->output

  
• Can you name the parts of the respiratory system?

  trachea, lungs, rib cage, abdomen(plus the passageways through which the air travels)
• ________system serves as an "air pump" in speech production?

  respiratory
• the vocal tract includes the air-filled areas of the pharynx, mouth and?

  nose
• when the organs in the vocal tract move->the shape of the vocal tract is altered which form what?

  various sounds
• The picture below represents what?

  the vocal tract

  
• The name of the system between the trachea and the hyoid bone(the latter is part of the larynx)is?

  the laryngeal system
• The picture below represents what?

  the larynx(anterior view)

  
• What type of view of the larynx is this?

  lateral(side)

  
• The glottis is the space between the?

  true vocal folds
• what are the paired folds that meet to close the glottis?

  the vocal folds
• Each vocal fold consists of muscle(thyroarytenoid) and?

  vocal ligament
• the vocal folds course from the thyroid cartilage near the angle and below the thyroid notch; diverge posteriorly and attach to the vocal processes of the?

  arytenoids
• The thyroarytenoid muscle has external and internal parts and the latter(internal) is what muscle that can vibrate?

  vocalis
• what do the external thyroarytenoids do?

  pull arytenoids forward and rotate them
• What does the vocalis regulate in the vocal folds?

  contraction(tensor)
• the vocal folds can be adducted(drawn together) or what?

  abducted(open)
• What happens to the vocal folds during normal breathing?

  they are apart(abducted)
• When the vocal folds are adducted(but not completely closed), the folds can vibrate causing what to happen?

  small pulses of air that is perceived as voicing
• what is fundamental frequency(f0)?

  the rate of vocal fold vibration
• What is fundamental frequency(f0) measured in?

  Hz; cycles per second
• can you label what is represented?

  1. vocal process
  2. glottis
  3. vocal gament
  4. thyroid notch
  5. internal thyroid muscle(vocalis)
  6. external thyroarytenoid muscle
  7. arytenoid cartilages

  
• The picture below represents what?

  vocal fold action: one cycle

  
• How many factors determine the glottal cycle?

  5: mechanical coupling stiffness, stiffness, mass,viscous forces, Bernoulli force
• Can you name the first factor that determines the glottal cycle? what does it look like?

  mechanical coupling stiffness: strength of the connection between upper and lower portions of the mucosal cover

  
• what is the second factor that determines the glottal cycle? what does it look like?

  stiffness: degree of longitudinal tension of vocalis muscle

  
• what is the third factor that determines the glottal cycle?

  mass:thickness of the vocalis muscle
• what is the fourth factor that determines the glottal cycle?

  viscous forces: dissipation of force applied to tissue
• what is the fifth factor that determines the glottal cycle?

  Bernoulli force: drop in pressure at medial edge of vocal folds
• what does this image represent?


  laryngeal changes with age

  
• The posterior cricoarytenoid(PCA) is from the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage to the?

  muscular processes of the artyenoids
• What is the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle whose contraction abducts(opens) the vocal folds?

  the PCA(posterior cricoarytenoid)
• What is this image of?

  the PCA

  
• What muscles are the interartyenoid muscles?

  the transverse arytenoids(TA) and the oblique arytenoids(OA)
• The transverse arytenoids are from the postero-lateral margin of arytenoids to the?

  same region of contralateral member; adducts arytenoids
• The oblique arytenoids are the posterior surface and lateral margin of the arytenoid to?

  apex of contralateral member;adductor(draws apices of arytenoids together)