Cell structures

• Cell theory

  1. All living this are made up of cells
  2. cells are the smallest working units of all living thigs
  3. all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division
• A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
• Example of cells

  1. Amoeba Proteus
  2. Plant Stem
  3. Bacteria
  4. red Blood cell
  5. nerve cell
• Two types of cell

  1. Prokaryotic
  2. eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic- •Do not have structures surrounded by membranes; Few internal structures
• Prokaryotic- one-celled organism, Bacteria
• Prokaryotic- unicellular
• Eukaryotic- unicellular or multicellular
• Eukaryotic- contains organelles surrounded by membranes; most living organism
• Cell membrane- controls what goes in and out of the cell, controls what goes on the inside of the cell
• cell membrane- double layer
• cell membrane- a phospholipid bilayer that is semipermeable; contains phosphate head ( Hydrophilic= love water), and two fatty acid ( hydrophobic)
• cell membrane components

  1. phospholipids
  2. carbohydrates
  3. proteins
  4. cholesterol
• cell wall- •Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria; •Supports & protects cells
• cell wall- gives the plan its actual shape; found in plants ONLY
• Nucleus- contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.
• nucleus- directs cell activites
• nucleus- separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• nucleus- location of transcription and DNA replication
• nuclear membrane- controls movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
• nuclear membrane- surround nucleus; is a two layer membrane
• Chromosomes- found in the nucleus and made of DNA. Contains instructions for traits and characteristics
• nucleolus- where ribosomes are made and rRNA is synthesized
• nucleolus- inside nucleus
• cytoplasm- gel-like structure; surrounded by cell membrane; contains hereditary materials
• cytosol- fluid found in cytoplasm
• cytoplasm- where all the organelles are dissolved
• cytoplasm- contains dissolved solution such as; salts, electrolytes, carbo, liquids and free-floating ribosomes
• Endoplasmic reticulum- found in both plants and animals but not in bacteria cells
• endoplasmic reticulum- moves materials around in cell
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum- lacks ribosomes; produces lipids. cholesterol
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for cell's detoxification which means the break down of toxins
• rough endoplasmic reticulum- contains ribosomes and transport proteins using vesicles
• rough endoplasmic reticulum- produces proteins
• each cell contains thousands of ribosomes
• ribosomes- synthesized proteins
• mitochondria- •Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Mitochondria- •Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• mitochondria- •Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• golgi body- •Protein 'packaging plant'

  •Move materials within the cell

  •Move materials out of the cell