Chem Chapter 7

• chemical reactions are the transformation of one or more substances into different substance
• an aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture of a substance in water
• a compound is soluble if it dissolves in a specific liquid
• a compound is insoluble if it does not dissolve in the liquid
• a synthesis reaction is when simpler substances combine to form more complex substances
• a decomposition reaction is a complex substance that decomposes to form a simpler substance
• decomposition reactions require energy in the form of heat to make them happen
• single displacement reactions are when one element displaces another in a compound
• double displacement reactions are when two elements or groups of elements in two different compounds exchange place to form two new compounds
• precipitation reactions are reactions that form a solid when you mix two aqueous solutions
• a molecular equation is an equation showing the complete neutral formulas of each compound
• a complete ionic equation is a chemical equation showing all species as they are present in solution
• aqueous solutions dissociate into ions
• spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the chemical reaction
• the net ionic equation is a chemical equation showing only the species that participates in the reaction
• an acid-base reaction forms water and an ionic compound when mixing an acid and base
• acid-base reactions are also called neutralization reactions
• acids tend to form H+ ions in solution
• bases tend to form OH- ions in solution
• a gas evolution reaction is when aqueous solutions form gas as a product
• oxidation-reduction reactions are also known as redox reductions
• oxidation-reduction reactions involves the transfer of electrons
• metals have a tendency to lose electrons, nonmetals have a tendency to gain electrons
• a combustion reaction is a reaction of a substance with O2 to form one or more oxygen-containing compouunds
• OIL RIG: oxidation is loss, reduction is gain