Chapter 8

• The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it:

  a. allows only certain substances to pass through it.

  b. only allows potassium and calcium to pass through it.

  c. will allow any substance to readily pass through it.

  d. only allows sodium and chloride to pass through it.

  allows only certain substances to pass through it.
• The process in which glucose is broken down to yield pyruvic acid is called:

  a. gluconeogenesis.

  b. glycolysis.

  • c. crenation. X

  • d. glycogenolysis.

  Glycolysis
• Which of the following is a facial bone?

  a. Temporal

  b. Occiput

  c. Parietal

  d. Maxilla

  Maxilla
• The first and second cervical vertebrae are called the:

  • a. atlas and axis.

  b. odontoid and axis.

  c. dens and atlas.

  d. axis and dens.

  Atlas and axis
• The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

  a. oxygenation.

  b. respiration.

  c. tidal volume.

  d. ventilation.

  Ventilation
• A person with type A negative blood could receive which of the following blood types?

  a. A positive

  b. AB negative

  c. A negative

  d. B negative

  A negative
• Dysfunction of the mitral (bicuspid) valve may cause backflow of blood into the:

  a. left ventricle.

  • b. right atrium.

  c. right ventricle.

  d. left atrium.

  Left atrium
• Which of the following is part of the pelvis?

  a. Sacrum

  b. Iliac crest

  c. Trochanter

  d. Femur

  lliac crest
• The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy is called:

  a. facilitated diffusion.

  b. osmotic pressure.

  c. endocytosis.

  d. active transport.

  Active transport
• Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

  a. is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.

  b. is exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation.

  c. is moved in and out of the lungs with maximal expiration.

  d. remains in the lungs following maximum exhalation.

  is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.
• Osmosis is the movement of a:

  a. solute from an area of low solvent concentration to one of high concentration.

  b. solvent from an area of high solute concentration to one of low concentration.

  c. solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration.

  d. solute from an area of high solvent concentration to one of low concentration.


  solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration.
• Phagocytosis is the process by which:

  a. phagocytes are produced.

  b. microbes destroy monocytes.

  c. phagocytes are destroyed.

  d. white blood cells digest microbes.

  White blood cells digest microbes
• Glycogenolysis is the physiologic process in which:

  a. the kidneys produce additional glucose.

  b. glucose is converted to glycogen.

  c. the pancreas secretes glycogen.

  d. glycogen is converted to glucose.


  Glycogen is converted to glucose
• The movement of solute particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:

  a. exocytosis.

  b. diffusion.

  c. endocytosis.

  d. osmosis.

  Diffusion
• Which of the following is an example of an endocrine gland?

  a. Pituitary

  b. Lacrimal

  c. Sweat

  d. Salivary

  Pituitary
• The process in which malignant cells travel to other organs or tissue and establish secondary tumors is called:

  a. hemostasis.

  b. cancer in situ.

  • c. metastasis.

  • d. dysplasia.

  Metastasis
• Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of the total body water?

  a. 19% b. 24%

  c. 37% d. 63%

  37%
• An abnormal whooshing sound that is heard over a main vessel and indicates turbulent blood flow is called a:

  a. rub.

  b. murmur.

  c. bruit.

  d. friction rub.

  Bruit
• In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:

  a. shunting of blood to the body's periphery.

  b. slowing of the heart rate.

  c. increased gastrointestinal function.

  d. vasoconstriction.

  Vasoconstriction
• Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the:

  a. vena cava and aorta.

  b. vena cava and coronary sinus.

  c. aorta and coronary sinus.

  d. pulmonary vein and aorta.

  vena cava and coronary sinus.
• What occurs during the _initial_ phase of hemostasis?

  a. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. *

  b. Fibrin binds to a platelet plug and forms a clot.

  c. Thromboplastin activates clotting proteins.

  d. Local vasoconstriction and platelet activation occur.

  Local vasoconstriction and platelet activation occur.
• The thyroid gland is responsible for the:

  a. breakdown of glycogen.

  b. release of TSH.

  c. production of glucose.

  d. metabolic rate

  Metabolic rate
• The brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

  a. vertebral foramen. b. mastoid process. c. lamboid suture. d. foramen magnum.

  Foramen magnum
• The reticular activating system is located in the: a. cerebellum. b. brainstem. c. hypothalmus. d. occipital lobe.

  Brain steam
• What is the cardiac output of a person with a stroke volume of 60 mL and a heart rate of 90 beats/min?

  5.4L
• Small units of an element that vary in size and weight are called:

  a. molecules.

  b. electrons.

  c. atoms.

  d. isotopes.

  Atoms
• The gap that lies between each nerve cell is called the

  a. synapse.

  b. cleft.

  c. vesicle.

  d. terminal.

  Synapse
• Beginning with the outermost layer, the three meningeal layers of the central nervous system are the:

  a. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

  b. pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid.

  c. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid.

  d. arachnoid, pia mater, and dura mater.

  dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
• Immediately inferior to the sternal notch is the:

  a. angle of Louis.

  b. xiphoid process.

  c. sternal body.

  d. manubrium

  manubrium
• Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

  a. Eosinophil

  b. Platelet

  c. Histamine

  d. Fibrin

  Eosinophil
• A newborn's total body water content is approximately .

  of total body weight.

  a. 40% b. 50%

  с. 60%

  d. 80%

  80%
• The heart's primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium, is the:

  a. SA node.

  b. bundle of His.

  c. AV node.

  d. AV junction.

  SA node
• Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the:

  a. inferior vena cava.

  b. pulmonary veins.

  c. pulmonary arteries.

  • d. superior vena cava.

  pulmonary veins.
• What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs?

  a. Striated

  b. Muscle

  c. Connective

  d. Epithelial

  Epithelial
• Normal inhalation is the result of:

  a. positive pressure in the thoracic cavity.

  b. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity.

  c. air passively entering the lungs.

  d. diaphragmatic relaxation.

  negative pressure in the thoracic cavity.
• The aorta and pulmonary artery exit the heart just beneath the:

  a. sternal body.

  b. xiphoid process.

  c. manubrium.

  d. costal angle.

  Manubrium
• The shoulders and hips are examples of

  a. diarthrotic

  b. amphiarthrotic

  c. biaxial

  d. synarthrotic

  diarthrotic
• Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in:

  a. vasodilation.

  b. bronchodilation.

  c. vasoconstriction.

  d. tachycardia.

  Vasoconstriction
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar capillary membrane through a process called:

  a. metabolism.

  b. diffusion.

  c. osmosis.

  d. perfusion.

  Diffusion
• A human blood pH of 7.30 indicates:

  a. acidosis.

  b. alkalosis.

  c. a neutral pH.

  d. a basic pH.

  Acidosis