light and heat

• Temperature is a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of particles in a system
• Kelvin to Celsius: $T_K=$$T_C+$$273.15$
• An increase in 1K = an increase in 1°C
• Heat is thermal energy that flows from one system to another
• Heat can include electronic movement of any kind, not just translational kinetic energy
• Conduction is a form of heat transfer due to collisions between particles
• Formula for conduction: $\frac{Q}{t} \propto \Delta T$
• Convection is a form of heat transfer due to overll movement of matter between hotter and colder regions
• In convection, heated particles expand and become less dense, while cooler particles remain denser and push the heated particles upward
• Radiation is a form of heat transfer due to emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation
• Thermal radiation is either transmitted, reflected, and/or absorbed