Module 1

• An organelle is a specialised internal structure within a cell that is membrane bound and has a specific function.
• The structure of each organelle is closely related to its function.
• Cell Membrane controls the movement of water and chemical substances in and out of the cell.
• Cell Membrane is a lipid bilayer with pores (protein channels) that enclose the contents of the cell allowing the movement of substances.
• Plant and Animal Cells have a Cell Membrane.
• Cell Wall provides structural strength, support and protection.
• Cell Wall is an outer layer composed of cellulose creating a tough, rigid structure that holds a plant cell in a fixed shape.
• Plant Cells have a Cell Wall.
• Cytoplasm is the fluid component of the cell containing the dissolved chemical substances, suspended organelles and insoluble substances.
• Plant and Animal Cells have a Cytoplasm.
• Nucleus acts as the control centre that stores the genetic information for the cell.
• Nucleus contains DNA and Chromosomes.
• Nuclear envelope has pores that allows RNA to move in and out to transcribe DNA to make proteins.
• Nucleolus is the centre structure, made up of mostly RNA and manufactures ribosomes.
• Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration which is the process of producing and releasing energy (ATP) for the cell to use.
• Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis, to produce glucose using the energy for sunlight.
• Chloroplast contain large amounts of chlorophyll within the membrane stacks increases the surface area to maximise energy from sunlight to be absorbed.
• Chloroplast contains a temporary storage area for the glucose produced.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum is a continuous network of flattened/folded, interconnected membranes from the cellular membrane extending to the cell membrane increases surface area to help move cell products efficiently.
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, often attached to ER or floating within cytoplasm.
• Ribosomes consist of RNA and proteins.
• Golgi Body processes, packages and sorts cell products.
• Lysosomes breakdown worn out/ damaged organelles and foreign matter to allow recycling of materials.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to aid in the breakdown of cell components.
• Vacuoles are storage areas for compounds that the cell will eventually need.
• Centriole is a pair of small, cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that forms spindles that holds chromosomes in a dividing cell.
• Cytoskeleten provides the framework for cell shape/movement, organelles placement/ movement and cell division.