Applied Therapeutics

• Vaccine terminology, what is an inactivated toxin called?

  toxoid
• What are the is most common vaccine given in cattle?

  5 in 1

  toxoids of clostridium tetani, cl. perfringens type D, Cl. novyi, Cl. septicum

  and bacterin of Cl. chauvoei
• What does 7 in 1 vaccine include that 5 in 1 don't cover? and which cattle take this vax

  bacterins of leptospira

  primarily used in dairy cattle
• What is the vaccine regime for 5 in 1?

  Two dose of vaccine for protective immunity, second dose is given 4 to 6 weeks after the first, for long lasting protection. A booster dose every 12 months.
• What Pestigard vaccine is used against which virus?

  Bovine viral diarrhoea virus = bovine pestivirus
• Vibrovax is used against which bacteria?

  Campylobacter fetus venerealis (vibriosis)
• What are the broad groups of antibiotics that are used in cattle?

  Beta-lactams

  Tetracyclines

  Macrolides

  TMS
• Most common anti-inflammatories drugs?

  NSAIDs

  • tolfenamic acid
  • flunixin
  • meloxicam

  Corticosteroids
• What are the NSAID side effects in ruminants?

  Very little scientifically validated information despite widespread use

  Doesn't appear to be as much of a problem in ruminants

  Many sick ruminants are acutely unwell

  • prolonged blood clot times
  • kidney disease, associated hypertension
  • finding abomasitis and abomasal ulceration
• Corticosteroid use?

  Bovine ketosis

  Induction of parturition

  Controversial uses for bovine mastitis
• Commonly used combination of sedatives and Local A FOR RUMINANT?

  Xylazine + lignocaine
• Clinically relevent features of xylazine in ruminants?

  Myometrial contractions

  • abortion possibility in last trimester in cattle
  • consider ACP

  Decrease temperature regulation

  Reversal rarely needed
• Ketamine and opioids use on farm?

  Inconvenient
• What is the WHP?

  WHP is the time between drug administration and when the food item is considered safe to eat