atomic structure

• Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus of an atom.
• protons are positive charged
• the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, so atoms are neutral
• electrons are negative
• electrons orbit around the nucleus at different energy levels called shells or electron shells
• negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons are attracted to each other like a magnet
• adding protons to atoms make elements
• atoms are the smallest unit of matter
• the periodic table organizes elements by groups and periods
• elements with similar properties are grouped together on the same column
• atomic number is the number of protons in an atom
• mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
• the intermost ring in an atom can only hold two electrons
• the outermost ring can only hold eight electrons
• group eight of the periodic table is called noble gases
• noble gases are unreactive
• elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells
• elements in the same group have similar chemical properties
• an atom that is charged is called an ion
• substances that are unreactive are called inert
• inert metals include: gold, sodium, and platinum
• a chemical equation describes chemical reactions
• reactants go on the left of a chemical reaction and products go on the right
• copper, silver, and gold do not react with water
• group 2 in the periodic table is called alkali earth metals
• group 7 in the periodic table is called “halogens”
• protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus
• hydrogen makes a “squeaky pop” sound when ignited
• rutherfords model has a nucleus and electrons orbiting the nucleus
• the electron is located at the electron shell
• the proton and neutron are located inside the nucleus
• the most reactive to least reactive metals are potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron copper, silver, gold
• metal + oxygen -> [metal] oxide
• metal + water -> [metal] hydroxide+hydrogen
• metal+acid -> salt + hydrogen
• sodium + sulfuring acid -> sodium sulfate + hydrogen
• potassium + hydrochloric acid -> potassium chloride + hydrogem
• zinc + oxygen -> zinc oxide
• lithium + oxygen -> lithium oxide
• lithium + water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen