lcs finals

• The theory of evolution was initially proposed by Charles Darwin in his book “The Origin of Species” in 1859.
• Evolution is the change In the heritable features of biological population over successive generations.
• Natural Selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
• Alfred Wallace is the co-founder of natural selection.
• Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
• Two Language Prerequisites: Brain and Vocal Tract.
• Homo habilis lived between 2.1 to 1.5 million years ago.
• Homo erectus lived 1.9 million years ago.
• The Vocal Tract - Sound that is produced by the vocal cord is modified by different various chamber.
• Resonators of Vocal Tract: pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses.
• Homo Neanderthal’s larynx was high, enabling him to breath and eat but the sound capabilities were restricted.
• Homo neanderthalensis - Neanderthal’sare thought to be at level two of the three stages of syntax.
• Homo Heidlbergensis was a close relative of Homo Ergaster(who is thought to be the first hominid to vocalize). Homo Heidelbergensis is believed to be the first hominid to make controlled vocalizations.
• Homo Sapiens - Archeologists discovery that modern humans used red ochers in their caves suggests that they used symbolic language in their rituals and they spread it when they migrated to other places on earth.
• The Hypothesis: Gestural, Neural, Vocalization, Mother and Child Interaction.
• The Anglo-Saxon Phase - Proto-English, Germanic language, Old English, Vikings and Scandinavian influence.
• The Middle English Phase - Norman Invasion, Anglo Normanclass, Norman Frenchwas the language used until 1939, Concentration in language.
• The Modern English Phase - culmination of the revolution of the phonology of English (the Great VowelShift), running roughly from1400-1600 CE.