Research

• Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences, behaviors, and attitudes using non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, and case studies.
• Research can be classified into two types: qualitative and quantitative.
• Quantitative research uses numerical data to test hypotheses and make predictions about relationships between variables.
• The research process is the systematic approach to answering questions or solving problems through scientific methods.
• Sampling is the process of selecting individuals from a larger population to participate in a research study.
• Quantitative research uses numerical data to measure variables and draw statistical conclusions.
• Inquiry- seeking for truth, information and knowledge
• Questioning individuals - The information is sought by?
• Research - is a process of inquiring
• Scientific Method:

  Identify the problem

  Gathering info

  Formulate hypothesis

  Experiment

  Conclusion
• Experience - is a familiar and a well used source of knowledge
• SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

  1.) TO GATHER NECESSARY INFORMATION

  2.) TO MAKE CHANGES

  3.) TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF LIVING

  4.) FOR A SAFER LIFE

  5.) TO KNOW THE TRUTH

  6.) TO EXPLORE OUR HISTORY
• EMPIRICAL - Research is based on direct experience on observation by the researcher
• LOGICAL - research is based on valid procedures and principle
• Inputs -> outputs -> outcomes
• Cyclical - starts with a problem and ends with a problem
• ANALYTICAL - there is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the researcher's interpretation
• Critical- research exhibits careful & precise judgement
• METHODOLOGICAL - describes the techniques and procedures used to identify and analyze information regarding a specific research topic.
• REPLICABILITY - replicated or repeated
• RESEARCH PROCESS

  1.) Select a general problem

  2.) Review the literature of the problem

  3.) Select a specific research problem, question or hypothesis

  4.) Collect data

  5.) Analyze and present or display data

  6.) Interpret the findings & state conclusion or generalization
• Library research - done in the library where answers to specific questions are available
• Field research - done in natural setting such as barangay, school, and factory
• LABORATORY RESEARCH - conducted in an artificial controlled condition
• Ethics - beliefs of what's right and wrong
• ETHICAL CONDITIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH

  1.) objectivity and integrity

  2.) Respect of the research subjects right to privacy and dignify and protection of subjects from personal harm

  3.) Prevention of research findings

  4.) Acknowledgement of research
• UNETHICAL PRACTICES

  DECEIVING a respondent about true purpose of study

  Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme

  Studying the researchers without their knowledge

  When analyzing the data - revealing only part of the facts
• Quantitative - perspective of the participants
• Quantitative - numerical data
• Descriptive method -

  Type of quantitative research

  Explain the current state of a variable or topic

  Answers wh questions except why?