Quiz 1 for Lab 2010

• What are the three main types of pLANT CELLS

  Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
• What types of tissues do meristems produce ?

  Simple and Complex
• What are the four main groups of organs?

  Roots, Stems, Leaves and flowers*
• State the characteristics of a Parenchyma cell?

  Thin cell walls, alive at maturity , spaces between cells, used for photosynthesis , food storage and water storage
• Are starch grains often visible ?

  Yes
• When observing the potato cells what chemical was dropped on it ?

  Iodine potassium iodide
• What stain was produced ?

  Black
• Describe the characteristics of collenchyma cells?

  Alive at maturity, unevenly thick cell walls, provides flexible support, found beneath epidermis
• State the charactersitics of sclerenchyma cells?

  dead at maturity, has a thick secondary wall over the primary cell wall, helps in support and protection
• The thick cell wall contains lignin. What is the purpose of lignin?

  Makes the cells hard
• What are the two types of Sclerenchyma cells ?

  Fibers and Sclereids
• Describe the structure of Fibers?

  long elongated cells with cell walls that overlap and small lumen
• Describe the structure of Sclerieds ?

  Short , pointed cells sometimes with thick cell walls. These cells give for example their grittiness.
• What substance was used to stain the pear and what was the colour of the stain ?

  Phloroglucinol HCl stain- red
• What is teh Vascular tissue made up of ?

  Xylem and phloem
• What is the primary function of the xylem ?

  For water transport from roots to the aerial parts of the plant
• What type of cells make up the xylem?

  Parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells(fibers)
• What is the primary function of the phloem?

  Nutrient transport - bring sugars from lesves to other parts of the plant.
• What types of cell make up the phloem?

  parenchymA CELLS
• Cells that make up the phloem fibres?

  Sclerenchyma cells
• Cells that male up the cambium layer ?

  Parenchyma cells
• State a few things about the outermost layer of plant ?

  Protects the plant, cells are closely packed together, usually 1 cell layer thick
• As a eudicot , like Helianthus, describe the arrangement of the vadcular bundles?

  Arranged in a ring close to the epidermis. This is different in monocots and woody dicots
• Fascicular and Interfascicular cambium

  Fascicular - within the bundle , Interfascicular - between the bundles
• Is vascular tissue simple or complex

  Complex
• Where is the pith and cortex in a stem ?

  pith - inside the vascular bundle , cortex - outside the vascular bundles
• What cell type makes up the pith and cortex?

  Parenchyma
• Outline som e characteristic for a monocot?

  1 cotyledon, leaf encircles stem, veins are parellel , has a spongy mesophyll only, roots are fibrous, vascular bundles are scattered and number of flower parts is 3
• Outline the characteristics of an Eudicot?

  2 cotyledons, has a petiole, the veins are net like, has a spongy and palisade mesophyll, have tap roots , the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and the number of flower parts are 4s and 5s.
• Main function of roots?

  Anchoring plants and absorbing water and minerals
• Types of Roots

  Tap- found in eudicots, consists of a large root and smaller lateral roots. The primay root becomes the predominant one.

  Fibrous root- found in monocots mainly. There is no main roots , just many branch roots consisting of the same diameter. They grow in different directions.
• In monocots and dicots where are the vascular bundles found? 


  center of the stem called the stele
• In a eudiocot root like Rannuculus root , the cortex has numerous starch granules, what colour are they stained ?

  Purple
• Pith

  monocot roots have a pith in center

  Dicot roots do not have a pith in the center
• Main function of stems ?

  Conduction of food and water and support leaf system
• External features of a Woody twig

  Where leaves attach- node

  Between the leaves attach - internode

  Angle betwen petiole and stem - axil

  Bud in the axil- Axillary bud

  The tip of the twig - locates the terminal bud
• What can you tell from the bud scale scar?

  The age of the twig
• What are the names of the rings that you use when counting the age of a tree?

  Annual
• Outline these regions

  Periderm- replaces cortex and epidermis as protective tissue when plant ages.

  Phelloderm- 4-6 layers thick walled cells

  Phellogen/ Cork Cambium- 1-2 layers thin walled meristematic cells

  Cork cells - 3-4 scale like dead cells

  Bark consists of phloem and periderm
• Main function of leaves?

  Photosynthesis