Volcanoes

• it is usually a cone shaped mountain or hill that slopes downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth

  VOLCANO
• it is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) from within the earth's crust to the earth's surface

  VOLCANO
• the interior of the earth has a very high temperature and pressure that can cause rocks to melt as well as dissolve other substances
• earth needs to release excess heat. thus volcanoes are important in maintaining the thermal balance of earth's system
• some volcanoes even exist underwater, along the ocean floor or sea bed. what are they called

  VOLCANO DE AGUA
• the study of the relief features of earth's crust

  GEOMORPHOLOGY
• the three primary geologic forces that continually after the planet's surface

  DIATROPHISM, EROSION, VOLCANISM
• it refers to the vertical and horizontal movement of the crust that typically produces the mountains

  DIATROPHISM
• the physical removal of rock or wearing down of landmasses by geomorphic agent such as running water, glacial ice, and wind


  EROSION
• often called volcanicity, is the phenomenon related to various processes associated with surface discharge of magma or hot water and steams including volcanoes, geysers, fumaroles, and hot springs

  VOLCANISM
• the side of a volcano

  FLANK
• the highest portion or apex of a volcano

  SUMMIT
• the large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the earth's crust

  MAGMA CHAMBER
• a channel or pipe conveying liquid material such as magma

  CONDUIT
• the barrier or obstacles in a volcano

  DIKES
• a basin-like depression over a vent at the summit of the cone

  CRATER
• the opening through which an eruption takes place

  VENT
• a volcanic depression much larger than the original crater

  CALDERA
• usually composed of mixture of lava and pyroclastic

  CONE
• these vary in size and shape depending on the type of magma that is ejected by a particular volcano

  CONE
• the rock or magma expelled from a volcano during eruption

  LAVA
• its temperature upon ejection can reach up to 700°C hence, it flows until it cools and hardens

  LAVA
• the entrance of a volcano

  THROAT
• expelled in the atmosphere; volcanic ash or ash cloud is composed of pulverized rock and glass created during eruption 


  ASH CLOUD
• the chunks of lava blasted into the air which solidify before reaching the ground

  VOLCANIC BOMBS
• their sizes may vary and can be measured up to 64mm in diameter

  VOLCANIC BOMBS
• fast moving current of hot gases and rock travelling downhill from a volcano

  PYROCLASTIC FLOW
• the gases can reach temperature of more than 1000°C and can move up to a speed of 700km/hr

  PYROCLASTIC FLOW
• also called mudflows; are flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water

  LAHAR
• volcanoes form when magma reaches the earth's surface, causing eruptions of lava and ash
• forming volcanoes occur at destructive and constructive plate boundaries
• the size of the volcano depends on the frequency of the eruption and how much magma is ejected into the surface
• magma that contain more gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide is less vicious and is thus resistant to flow
• magma that contains more dissolved silicates is vicious and is thus resistant to flow
• less vicious magma thus creates a slow steady eruption
• whereas more vicious magma will create a strong and violent eruption
• the three states of a volcano

  ACTIVE, DORMANT, EXTINCT
• parts of a volcano

  FLANK, SUMMIT, MAGMA CHAMBER, CONDUIT, DIKES, CRATER, CALDERA, VENT, CONE, LAVA, THROAT, ASH CLOUD, VOLCANIC BOMBS, PYROCLASTIC FLOW, LAHAR
• still active and erupt frequently

  ACTIVE
• temporarily inactive but not fully extinct (sleeping volcano)

  DORMANT VOLCANO